Ortho terminology Flashcards
Diastasis
1- disjointing of two bones that are parallel to one another, ex-radius and ulna
2- Rupture of any ‘solid” joint, as in a diastasis of the symphysis pubis. association w/ other Fx and is then called “ Fx-diastasis.
Dislocation (luxatio)
Complete displacement of bone from its normal position at the joint surface, disrupting the articulation of two or three bones at the junction and altering the alignment. affects joint capsule, surrounding tissues. Luxation. may be traumatic, congenital or pathologic
Fracture
Structural break in the conntunity of a bone, epiphyseal plate , or cartilaginous joint surface, usually traumatic w/ disruption of osseous tissue
Fx-Dislocation
Fx of a bone that is also dislocated from its normal position in a joint.
Sprain-Ligament rupture
Luxatio imperfecta- Stretching or tearing of ligaments, varying in degrees from being partially torn to being completely torn, w/ the continuty of the ligament remaining intact. Fibrous capsule may be inflamed, swollen, discolored, and extremely painful.
Dx- Rest, elevate, wrap, splint, or cast.
Strain
Streching or tearing of a muscle or its tendon that may result in bleeding , pain, swelling, stiffness, muscle spasm, and bruising.
Subluxation
Incomplete or partial dislocation in one bone forming a joint is displaced only partiallyfrom norm position: also a chronic tendency of a bone to become partially dislocted, in contrast to an outright dislocation.
Closed Fx
Does not produce an open wound of the skin but does result in loss of cntinuity of bone subcutaneously: formerly called a simple Fx.
Open Fx
One of the fragments has broken through the skin, and there is loss of continuity of bone internally: formerly called Compound Fx.
Apophyseal Fx
Avulsion of or Fx trhough an apophysis ( boney prominence ) where there is strong tendinous attachment.
Articular Fx
Joint Fx, Intra articular Fx ) Involves a joint surface
Cleavage Fx
Shelling off of cartilage w/ avulsion of small tragment of bone such as the capitellum
condylar Fx
Involes any round end of a hinge joint:
cortical Fx
Involves cortex of bone.
Diacondylar Fx
Transcondylar fx, line across the condyles
Direct Fx
result at specific point of injury and is due to the injury itself
Extracapsular Fx
occurrs near, but outside, the capsule of a joint, especially the hip
Intracapsular Fx
Occures w/in the capsule of a joint
Nonphyseal Fx
any childhood fx that does not involve a growth plate
Periaticular Fx
OCCURES NEAR BUT NOT INVOLVING A JOINT.
Transchondral Fx
Fx through cartilage, which may not be apparent unless there is a bone Fx line into the joint
Transcondylar Fx
occures transversely between the condyles of the elbow.
Tuft Fx
Involes the distal phalanx of any digit.
Avulsion Fx
Tearing away of a part: a fragmentation of bone where the pull of a strong ligamentous or tendinous attachment tends to forcibly pull the fragment away from the rest of the bone.
Bursting Fx
multiple fragments, usually at the end of a bone: classically, Fx of the 1st cervical vertebra
Butterfly Fx
a bone fragment shaped like a butterfly and part of a comminuted: usually involes high energy force delivered to the bone
Chip Fx
small fragment, ussally at the articular margin of a joint.
Comminuted Fx
(Splintered Fx) More than two fragments: lines of fz may be transverse, oblique, spiral, or T or Y shaped:
Complete Fx.
the bone is completely broken through both cortices.
Compression Fx
Crumbling or smashing of cancellous bone by forces acting paralled to the nong axis of bone: applied particularly to the vertebral body fx
Depressed Fx
Typically an intra-articukar depression of fragments, but may also be applied to depressed skull fx
Double Fx
segmental fx of a bone in two places
Epiphuseal Fx
Involves the portion of the bone tgat distal to the physis, which is the growth plate
Fissure Fx
crack on the outer layer in one cortex usually long bone
Greenstick Fx
Incomplete , interperiosteal, hickory-stick , willow FX= In children, incomplete, angulated fx w/ partial break
Hairline Fx
nondisplaced fx line in the cortex
Impacted Fx
Fragments are compressed by force of original injury, driving one fragment of bone into adjacent bone.
Incomplete Fx
Greenstick, torus Fx. Cortices of bone are buckled or cracked, but continuity is not destroyed: the cortex is broken on one side and only bent on the other.
Infraction Fx.
a neoplastic fracture characterized by a small radiolucent line in radiographs in pathologic fx, most commomly resulting from metabolic problems
insufficiency Fx
a fx that occurs due to bone that is made insuffucient due to osteoporosis or a metabolic procces
Linear Fx
lengthwise fx of bone straight line fx, implies that there is no displacement
multiple fx,
Two or more spearate lines of fx in the same bone.
Oblique Fx
slanted fx of the sahft on long axis of bone.
occult fx
hidden fx, generally occurring in areas of the ribs, tiba, metatarsls, and navicula.
Physeal Fx.
Epiphyseal slip fx Salter-Harris Fx, ,One that involves the cartilaginous growth plate of a bone,
Plastic bowing Fx.
Greenstick fx, bowing fxcurved deformity of a tubular bone w/out gross fx
Secondary Fx
pathological fx of bone weakend by disease
Segmental Fx
several lg fx in the same bone shaft where the two principal fragments are not adjacent
Spiral Fx
Fx line is spiral shaped, usually on the shaft of long bones where the mechanism of injury is usually torsion.
Stellate Fx
numerous fissures radiate from central point of injury.
Subperiosteal Fx
bone but not its periosteal tube is broken: uncommon, usually the result of a direct blow
Torus Fx.
usually noticed in children: a stable, often incomplete fx in which one distal cortical surface appears to be wrinkled by compression forces, and the opposite cortex may or may not be infracted by tension forces.
Transverse Fx
Line of fx across the shaft at right angles to the long axis of a bone
Unstable Fx
Fx that most often requires operative intervention due to the likelihood of recurrent deformity despite manipulation
Position of fragments
refers to any displacement of one bone fragment in reference to the next.
Alignment of fragments
refers to raotatory and/or angular deviation of the distal fragment in relation to the proximal fragment
Bayonet position
The fragments touch and overlap, but there is good alignment. Internal and external rotation can also be stated in degrees.
Bow
the two fragments form an angle where the apex is sometimes described as an anterior or posterior bow.
Angulation
the direction of the apex of the fx point.
