Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthopaedics > ortho summary > Flashcards

ortho summary Flashcards

1
Q

how to describe an x-ray

A
  1. type of X-ray (AP, lateral etc.)
  2. what bone
  3. patient details
  4. “this is of adequate technical quality”
  5. the most prominant finding is __
  6. feaatures of the fracture (displacement, angulation, rotation, open/closed, shortened)
  7. other fractures/malignancy/density
  8. soft tissues: effusion, gas, dislocation
  9. 2 veiws, 2 joints, 2 occasions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ways of referring to places on a bone

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fracture patterns

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

salter-harrris classifiication

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

colles fracture

A

dorsally angulated, extra-articular distal radius fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

management of colles fracture

A

non operatiive: closed reduction and immobilisation for non-comminuted, extra articular fractures
operature: for unstable, intra artiicular, communinuted significant displacement or shortening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

scaphoid fracture

A

tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox
tenderness on axial loading of thumb
cast or operate if instable, displaced, proximal or comminuted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

shenton line

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

garden classification

A

for NOF fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pelvic fracturre

A

high mortality due to injury to intra-abdominal organs, major arteries and veins
all patients require exmination of rectum, perineum and genitalia, lower limb neuro and abdo exam on secondary survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

management of pelvic fracture

A

A-E assessment
pelvic stabilisation with pelvic binder
CT scan
fast for theatre then ICU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ankle fractures

A

use weber classifcation:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

weber A

A

below syndesmosis, usually stable
a medial malleolus fracture may be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

weber B

A

at level of syndesmosis, may be stable or unstable depending if the deltoid ligament rupture or medial malleolus fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

weber C

A

proximal to syndesmosis, unstable, usually associated wit deltoid ligament or medial malleolus fracture
associated withh higher fibula fracturres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which weber class is unstable

A

weber C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which weber class is stable

A

weber A

18
Q

management of non operatuve ankle fracture

A

weber A and some weber B
splint cast
CAM boot

19
Q

management of operative ankle fracture

A

weber C, weber B is there is talar shift, open fractures
ORIF or external fixation

20
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction and internal fixation

21
Q

talar shift

A

when requesting ankle pathology ask for ‘mortise’ view’
to assess for talar shift
talar shift indicated instability of the joint

22
Q

perthes disease

A

blood supply to the head of the thigh bone is disrupted
occurs in aged 4-10
short child with knee, thigh and groin pain and a limp
may also sow thing/calf atrophy and shortening of the leg

23
Q

developmental dysplasia of the hip

A

at birth
identified by barlow and ortolani’s signs
treated with harness, abduction splint or open/closed reduction

24
Q

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

9-13 years
overweight male teenager
knee, thigh, groin pain and limp
treated with surgical pinning

25
Q

symptoms of compartment syndrome

A

six ps
pallor
pain out of proportion (worse on passive stretch)
parasthesia
pulselessness
perishingly cold
paralysis

26
Q

management of compartment syndrome

A

call senior
remove plaster and dressing
do not elevate the limb
measure compartment pressure
preapre for surgicl intervention (fasciotomy) as definitive treatment
prep for theatre - comprtment syndrome is a clinical diagnosis

27
Q

mnagement of open fractures

A

A-E assessment and stabilise patient
analgesia and immoblise
- clean wound and irrigate
- IV Abs as according to local guideleines (likley cephalosporin)
- tetanus
- urgent ortho review
- prep for theatre

28
Q

complications of fractures

A

mal-union
non-union
chronic regional pain syndrome
neurovascular injury
fat emboli
post-trauma osteoarthritis

29
Q

DDx for painful swollen joint

A

septic arthritis
gout
pseudogout
haemarthrosis
cellulitis

30
Q

investigations for red swollen joint

A

bloods and CRP
athrocentesis - joint aspiration for synovial fluid analysis

31
Q

what to ask for on the path form for athrocentesis

A

WCC, BC, microscopy and culture
protein, LDH, glucose, crystals

32
Q

management of septic arthritis

A

A-E
IV abs
analgesia
operating theatre for joint drainage

33
Q

osteomyelitis risk factors

A

T2DM, PVD, IVDU, recent surgery
can be bacterial, mycobacterial or fungal - usually staph aureus

34
Q

osteomyelitis manaagement

A

determrine is acute or chronic - sinus tract indicates chronic
x-ray only shows findings after 10-14 days post infection
identify soucre - heamatogenous spread? direct inoculation?

medical management - V long course antibiotics, start empirical then pecific
ssurgical - prep for theatre for surgical debridement of necrotic tissue

35
Q

steps when prepping for theatre

A
  1. nil by mouth (six hours of no food and no drink for 2 hours)
  2. IV access and IV hydration
  3. IDC
  4. inform patient and gain consent
  5. book theatre
  6. refer to DC anaesthetist
  7. discuss with surgical specialty
  8. pre-op bloods
  9. manage pre-op meds ie. anticoagulants, diabetic meds, steroids
36
Q

pre-op bloods

A

FBC, UEC, LFT, coags, G+H, crossmatch

37
Q

acute surgical patient in the ED management

A

A-E
IV access
fluidss
analgesia titrated to pain according to WHO ladder
immobilise fracture site
prep for surgery
if not for surgery: reduce frcture in the ED
tetanus, antibiotics
ICU if severe ot unstable

38
Q

which pain meds should you give in the ED

A

analgesia titrated to pain according to the WHO ladder

39
Q

types of casts/fixation

A
40
Q

non-operative chronic ortho management

A
41
Q
A

Orthopaedics (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions