Ortho Flashcards
radial valgus trauma to the thumb resultin gin injury to the lateral collateral ligament at the 1st MCP
gamekeeper thumb
object strieks end of finger leading to forced flexion and pain at dorsal DIP. can’t extend joint
mallet finger
painful locking/ snapping of PIP during flexion. can be due to trauma, DM, gout, RA
trigger finger
most useful study for stress fracture
bone scan
rare, benign neoplasm in epiphysis of long bones in young males
chondroblastoma
what does weakness with empty can test indicate?
supraspinatus tear
what does pain will frull flexion of shoulder (Neers) indicatae
impringement
most common fractures in elderly
hip, wrist, shoulder
dent in the humeral head w/ shoulder dislocation
hill-sach deformity
glenoid labrum is avulsed due to shoulder dislocation
bankart lesion
occurs with fall directly on to shoulder or FOOSH. will have elevated clavicle, and point tendnerness
AC joint separation
films to get with AC joint separation to rule out fracture
load bearing X-rays
shoulder pain with overhead activity or at night when laying on arm.
rotator cuff tendopathy
RTC tear with pain and weakness with elbow adduction and resist on external rotation of arm
infraspinatus
RTC tear with pain on external rotation
teres minor
RTC tear with painfull empty can test
supraspinatus
x-ray shows subacrominal spur. Has pain with reaching, lifting, overhead motions
impringement
pain with wrist flexion and pronation.
medial epicondylitits
lateral elbow and forearm pain with resisted finger extension and wrist extension
lateral epicondylitits (tennis elbow)
most common UE injury in infants and young children. radial head realeased form annular ligamennt
radial head subluxation
what are anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies specific for?
rheumatoid arthritis
what can a rupture of a baker’s cyst cause?
crescentic hematoma over medial malleolus
what does elevated 24 hour urinary excretion of hydroxyproline reflect?
increased bone resoprtion taht occurs in paget’s disease of the bone
what levels are elevated in sarcoidosis
elevated ACE, calcium and ESR
antibodies found in Sjogrens
Anti ro and Anti La
“glass in knee” sensation. Egg shaped swelling over patella. Tx with aspirate and steroid injection (abx if cellulitits before aspirating)
prepatellar bursitits
most common complication associated with fractures of the proximal humerus
brachial plexus injury
type of shock associated with a long bone fracture
hypovolemic
where is point tenderness with plantar fascitits
point tenderness at the medial calcaneal tubercle
Tx for SCFE
surgical pinning. Eipihysis is fracture and must be held in place
Tx for NSAID-resistant axial disease in ankylosing spondylitits
etancercept and other TNF inhibitors
most common cause of septic arthritis in children
H . flu
presents with altered mental status, petechial rash and SOB following a long bone fracture
fat embolism
Flex the knee to 30 degrees and place anterior force on the tibia to look for laxity that suggests ACL injury
Lachmans
Flex and rotate neck in direction of the questionable nerve root compression. + if pain is reproduced
Spurling test
x-ray manifestation of cervical strain
straightening or reversal of normal lordosis
most common location of cervical herniate nucleus pulposus
C5-C6 or C6-7
Fracture though the pedicles of C2 with anterior slip of C2 on C3.
hangmans fracture of C2
Burst fracture by C1, best seen with open mouth view.
Jefferson fracture (C1)
what are the 5 unstable neck fractures?
jefferson
hangman’s
flexion/ extension tear drops
bilateral locked facets
nerve root evaluated by ankle reflex and sensation at the posterior calf and lateral foot
S1
What can S1 radiculopathy cause
weakness of planter flexion
most common location of lumbar herniated nucleus pulpousus
L4-L5
what can causes progression kyphosis of the spine
Tb of the spine ((pott’s dz)
presents with pain with walking that is better while lying or sitting. Symptoms while biking or standing. Due to narrowing of the lumbar space
Spinal stenosis
knee pain with activities, sensation of “glass in knee”
pre-patella bursitits
most common tarsal fracture
calcaneous fracture
most common sprain of the ankle
lateral from inversion fo the foot
when should a fasiotomy be performe din compartment syndrome
> 35-40 (normal pressure is 0-8)
