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PANCE > Emergency medicine > Flashcards

Emergency medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What core temp is considered mild hypothermia

A

34-36

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2
Q

What core temp is severe hypothermia

A

<30 C

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3
Q

symptoms of severe hypothermia

A

fixed dilated pupils, v-fib

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4
Q

at what temp does a person lose their shivering reflex, have mild alterlations in consciousness, bradycardia

A

30-34

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5
Q

Treatment for hypothermia

A

warming blankets, warm IV fluids, heated O2,

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6
Q

Gold standard for severe hypothermia

A

extracorpeal blood rewarming

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7
Q

Tx for forstbite

A

rewarm, hyperbaric oxygen, surgical debridement

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8
Q

Alterations in mental status, multiorgan dysfunction, core temp >104, HA, seizures

A

heat stroke

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9
Q

symptoms of high altuitude sickness

A

HA, nausea, fatigue, weakness, insomnia

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10
Q

Tx for high altitude sickness

A

descent, oxygen, antiemetics,

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11
Q

Tx for high altitude sickness is descent isn’t possible

A

dexamethasone or acetazolamide

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12
Q

What are the 2 main classes of poisonous snakes?

A

pit vipers and elapids

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13
Q

what type snakes are elapids?

A

coral snakes, cobras

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14
Q

spider bite with severe pain, muscle spasms of abdomen and trunk, severe HTN, tachycardia

A

black widow spider

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15
Q

TX for black widow spider bite

A

narcotic analgesics, local ice, antivenom only for seriously ill

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16
Q

What does a brown recluse spider look like?

A

dark, violin shaped area on its back

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17
Q

What does the cytotoxic venom from a borwn recluse spider cause?

A

tissue necrosis and hemolysis

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18
Q

Tx for brown recluse spider bite

A

dapsone

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19
Q

antidote for anticholinergic poisoning

A

physostigmine

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20
Q

tx for anticholinesterase poisoning (physostigmine, organophosphates)

A

atropine

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21
Q

Tx for benzo OD

A

flumazenil

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22
Q

Tx for beta blocker OD

A

glucagon

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23
Q

Tx for CCB OD

A

calcium

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24
Q

Tx for carbon monoxide poisoning

A

100% oxygen

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25
Q

Tx for cyanide poisoning

A

sodium nitrite

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26
Q

tx for digoxin OD

A

Digibind

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27
Q

Tx for iron OD

A

deferoxamine

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28
Q

Tx for lead OD

A

EDTA

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29
Q

Tx for arsenic/ mercury OD

A

penicillamine

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30
Q

Tx for heparin OD

A

protamine

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31
Q

T for isonizid OD

A

pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

32
Q

Tx for methanol, ethylene glycol OD

A

Ethanol

33
Q

Tx for narcotics OD

A

naloxone

34
Q

Tx for tricyclic antidepressant OD

A

sodium bicarb

35
Q

tx for warfarin OD

A

Vitamin K

36
Q

Tx for hypovolemic shock

A

20 cc fluids/kg, blood +/- surgery

37
Q

Tx for cardiogenic shock

A

MI treatments, vasopressors, IABP (intraaortic balloon pump)

38
Q

Tx for anaphylactic shock

A

0.3-0.5 SQ einephrine, albuterol, steroids

39
Q

Presents with fever, tachypnea, leukocytosis, HPOTN, decreased systemic vascular resistance

A

septic shock

40
Q

Signs of neurogenic shock

A

spinal cord injury, HPOTN due to loss of vascular tone, warm flushed skin

41
Q

how long does it take 2nd degree (partial thickness) burns to heal?

A

14-21 days

42
Q

Do third degree burns heal on their own?

A

No

43
Q

will third degree burns have any sensation?

A

no

44
Q

For the rules of 9s , what body parts are worth “nine”

A

head/neck
Right arm
Left arm

45
Q

For the rules of 9s which body parts are work 18?

A

torso front
torso back
Right leg
left leg

46
Q

Tx for hypernatremia

A

hypotnoic solution (D5W)

47
Q

Causes of hypokalemia

A

diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, Cushign syndrome, Mag depletion, poor intake

48
Q

S/S for hypokalemia

A

weakness, paralytic ileus, a/v tach, v fib

49
Q

what will EKG show with hypokalemia

A

decreased T wave amplitude, T wave inversion, ST depression, U wave, prolonged QT< v-tach, torsades

50
Q

Causes of hyperkalemia

A

renal failure, ACEI, spironolactone, digoxin, Addison’s, oral potassium excess

51
Q

ECG findings with hyperkalemia

A

peaked T waves, QRS widening, v-fib

52
Q

Tx for hyperkalemia

A

IV calcium, IV lasix, glucose, insulin, kayexalate, albuterol, dialysis

53
Q

causes of hypercalcemia

A

hyperparathyroidism

malignancies (bone, lyphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma)

54
Q

drugs that can cause hypercalcemia

A

tamoxifen, thiazides, VIt A, VIt D

55
Q

presents with lethargy, depression, atatxis, psychosis, neuromuscular weakness, renal stones, decreased GFR

A

hypercalcemia

56
Q

what will you see in the eye with hypercalcemia?

A

bank keratopathy

57
Q

Tx for hypercalcemia

A

hydration with normal saline, loop ciuretic, calcitonin, IV bisphosphonates

58
Q

what is the most common cause of hypocalcemia?

A

chronic kidney disease

59
Q

WHat are other causes of hypocalcemia?

A

hypoalbuminemia, hypoparathyroidism, VItamin D deficiency, magnesium depletion

60
Q

S/S of hypocalcemia

A

tetany, paresthesias in fingers and mouth, carpopedal spasm

61
Q

sign that is contraction of the facial muscle in response to tapping the facial nerve

A

Chvostek’s sign (hypocalcemia)

62
Q

carpal spasm occuring with BP cuff inflation

A

Trousseau’s sign (hypocalcemia)

63
Q

what will happen to the QT interval with hypocalcemia?

A

prolongation of the QT interval

64
Q

Tx for hypocalcemia

A

Calcium chloride, calcium gluconate

65
Q

Tx for acute asthma attack

A

oxygen, Beta agonists (repeated) IV magnesium, BiPAP, intubation, systemic steroids

66
Q

diagnosis of an acute pulmonary embolism

A

pulmonary angiogram

67
Q

Tx for acute pulmonary embolism

A

oygen, anticoagulation, thrombolytic therapy

68
Q

S/S of PE

A

acute dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, tachpnea, tachycardia, hypoxia

69
Q

causes of respiratory acidosis

A

COPD, narcotics, airway obstruction, pneumonia

70
Q

Tx for respiratory acidosis

A

BIpAP, intubation (reverse underlying process)

71
Q

what is MUDPILES (metabolic acidosis)

A 
methanol
uremia
diabetic ketoacidosis
Paraladehyde
Ibuprofen/ INH/ Iron
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates (aspiring)
72
Q

causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

vomiting, volume depletion (diuretics), primary aldosteronism

73
Q

Tx for metabolic alkalosis

A

acetazolamide

74
Q

caues of respiratory alkalosis (pH>7.45 pCO2<350

A

hyperventlation, early shock, CVA, anxiety, pulmonary disease

75
Q

S/S of respiratory alkalosis

A

circumoral and digitial paresthesias, carpopedeal spasm, dizziness, confusion

PANCE (14 decks)

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