Endocrine

Question 1

AM hyperglycemica triggered by insulin related hypoglycemia

Answer 1

somogyi effect

Question 2

AM hyperglycemia triggered by physiological release of cortisol growth hormone and catecholamines

Answer 2

dawn phenomenom

Question 3

what are increased levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate diagnostic of?

Answer 3

DKA

Question 4

what is sipple syndrome

Answer 4

MEN2a hyperparathyroid, medullarly thyroid chancer, pheo

Question 5

2 hormones released by the posterior pituitary

Answer 5

oxytocin and ADH

Question 6

stimulates testosterone production in men and ovary estrogen and progesterone production in women

Answer 6

LH

Question 7

spermatogenesis in men and develops ovarisn follicle in women

Answer 7

FSH

Question 8

tx for prolactinoma

Answer 8

dopamine agonists (cabergoline, bromocriptine) (caber is better tolerated)

Question 9

deficiency of vasopressin that causes increased thirst and large quantities of urine with low specific gravity

Answer 9

Diabetes insipidus

Question 10

common med that causes diabetes insipidus

Answer 10

lithium

Question 11

Tx for diabetes insipidus

Answer 11

Desmopressin

Question 12

Ectopic production of vasopressin that causes excessive vasopressin/ADH. Hyponatremia.

Answer 12

SIADH

Question 13

Tx of SIADH

Answer 13

d/c hypotonic fluids, restric free water. if bad hypertonic NaCl

Question 14

autoimmune disorder with autoantibodies to TSH associated with pernicious anemia, myasthenia gravis, DM, addison’s, celiac disease

Answer 14

Graves’ disease

Question 15

Type of thyroid cancer associated with MEN type 2

Answer 15

medullary carcinoma

Question 16

tumor marker in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

Answer 16

calcitonin

Question 17

what does parathyroid hormone do?

Answer 17

increases serum calcium, decreases serum phosphorus

Question 18

What does PTH do in the kidney

Answer 18

increaes Vit D, increases calcium reabosprtion. Decreas reabsorption of phosphate and bicarb

Question 19

bones, stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans and fatigue overtones

Answer 19

hyperparathyroidism

Question 20

presents with tetany, muscle cramps, paresthesias around mouth and hands.

Answer 20

hypoparathyroidism

Question 21

what will DTRs be like with hypoparathyroidism

Answer 21

hyperactive DTRs

Question 22

labs with hypoparathyroidism

Answer 22

low serum calcium, high serum phosphate

Question 23

Tv for hypoparathyroidism

Answer 23

IV calcium gluconate, oral calcium

Question 24

2 drugs that reduce serum vitamin D levels

Answer 24

phenytoin, phenobarbital

Question 25

what lab is increased in osteomalacia

Answer 25

ALP (alk phos)

Question 26

tx for paget's disease of the bone

Answer 26

bisphosphonates, calcitonin

Question 27

hypertension, hypokalemia and weakness.

Answer 27

primary aldosteronism

Question 28

tx for primary aldosteronism

Answer 28

spironolactone, eplerenone, or adrenalectomy

Question 29

glucocorticoid excess from excess ACTH secretion from a pituitary tumor

Answer 29

Cushing's disease

Question 30

nonpituitary neoplasm that can cause cushign syndrome

Answer 30

small cell carcinoma

Question 31

only cause of cushing syndrome that has low ACTH due to negative feedback

Answer 31

adrenal tumor (adenoma)

Question 32

test for addison's disease

Answer 32

cosyntropin stimulation test

Question 33

has hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, low cortisol levels and increased ACTH

Answer 33

addison's disease

Question 34

noctural hypoglycemia which causes reactive morning hyperglycemia

Answer 34

somogyi effect

Question 35

tx for somogyi effect

Answer 35

decrease amount of bedtime insulin

Question 36

on awakening cortisol rise causes hyperglycemia

Answer 36

dawn phenomenon

Question 37

tx for dawn phenomenon

Answer 37

increase in bedtime insulin