Origins Of Life

Question 1

Life on earth thought to have begun _ years ago

Answer 1

3.7 billion

Question 2

Life began only _ years after our planet formed

Answer 2

A few hundred million

Question 3

Process of life forming from non-living material know as

Answer 3

Abiogenesis

Question 4

_ was poisonous to early forms of life

Answer 4

Oxygen

Question 5

First major theory of origins of life was _ theory

Answer 5

Primordial soup

Question 6

Primordial soup theory proposed that _ contained raw materials for life

Answer 6

Earth’s early oceans

Question 7

Complex structures such as _ were cooked from oceans raw materials over long period of long chemical reactions (2)

Answer 7

DNA

Proteins

Question 8

Another theory is the _ theory

Answer 8

Hydrothermal vent

Question 9

Life first arose from _
(Hydrothermal vent theory)

Answer 9

Hydrothermal vents

Question 10

In hydrothermal vents _ well up from inside Earth’s crust (2)

Answer 10

Heat

Minerals

Question 11

_ created right conditions for creation of complex substances (2)

Answer 11

Heat

Pressure

Question 12

Heat and pressure heat and pressure can combine to form

Answer 12

Protocells

Question 13

The rich supply of _ may have powered chemical reactions in the protocells (hydrothermal vents)(2)

Answer 13

Chemicals

Mineral catalysts

Question 14

1. Earth’s early atmosphere was full of simple _ released by volcanic activity (2)

Answer 14

Carbón-rich compounds

Nitrogen-rich compounds

Question 15

1. The carbon/nitrogen-rich compounds dissolved into _

Answer 15

Water in the oceans

Question 16

2. Triggers such as _ caused compounds to join together to form simple organic substances (v)

Answer 16

Volcanic eruptions

(Sugars, amino acids)

Question 17

2. Triggers such as _ caused compounds to join together to form simple organic substances (s)

Answer 17

Sunlight

(Sugars, amino acids)

Question 18

2. Triggers such as _ caused compounds to join together to form simple organic substances (u)

Answer 18

Ultraviolet rays

(Sugars, amino acids)

Question 19

3. Simple organic molecules formed _

Answer 19

Polymers

Question 20

Polymers are

Answer 20

Long molecules built up from chains of small units

Question 21

3. Primitive proteins were created from polymers such as (3)

Answer 21

Proteins (peptides)

Carbohydrates (sugars)

Lipids (fats)

Question 22

4.in some organic molecules, one end _ other end _

Answer 22

Repels water

Attracted to water

Question 23

4. Km water, such molecules may have clustered into membranes with

Answer 23

Water-loving ends as outer layer

Question 24

4. Some membranes formed sacs called

Answer 24

Vesicles

Question 25

4. (Replicators) it is thought that some polymers could _

Answer 25

Autocatalyze

Question 26

4. (Replicators) autocatalyze means one molecule acted as a template to

Answer 26

Build a second molecule

Question 27

4. (Replicators) these replicating chemicals competed for raw materials and

Answer 27

Evolved by natural selection

Question 28

4. (Replicators) evolved by natural selection until _ evolved

Answer 28

RNA

Question 29

5. (Early cells) the first protocells may have been simply a _

Answer 29

Replicating polymer enclosed in a membranous vesicle

Question 30

5. (Early cells) enclosed replicating polymer able to store _ for making copies or itself

Answer 30

Raw materials

Question 31

5. (Early cells) copies of itself and chemicals involved in chains of reactions the earliest _

Answer 31

Form of metabolism