Life In Extreme Environments 2 Flashcards
_ can survive boiling water
Tardigrades
Tardigrades can survive being frozen in _ temp
-328 (-200c)
Tardigrades normally live in various _ environments
Moist
Tardigrades live in soil and in _ sediments (2)
Marine
Freshwater
In dry, oxygen poor or other extreme environments, Tardigrades transform their bodies into
Varieties of inactive states
In inactive states, Tardigrades can survive for years or even
Centuries
Heat-resistant enzymes from thermophilic bacteria are used in
Polymerase chain reactions
Polymerase chain reactions in which DNA is
Heated for analysis
PCR is used to detect
Infections such as COVId-19
In cold, salty, or dry conditions, tardigrade’s body (3)
Dries out
Shrinks
Curls
Dried up, shrunk, and curled state is known as
Tun state
Low oxygen conditions cause tardigrade’s body to
Absorb increased levels of water (anoxybiosis)
While in anoxybiosis, tardigrade’s body becomes (3)
Swollen
Still
Immobile
In anoxybiosis state, tardigrade’s body becomes
Dormant
To withstand slow changes such as seasonal changes, tardigrade builds up
Extra layers of cuticle (cyst)
It’s body shrivels inside the hardened thick cuticle, producing a
Cyst
_ like acid
Acidophiles
Acid is a chemical, when mixed with water, increases
Concentration of positively charged hydrogen ions
Acid causes internal damage to most
Cells
Acidophiles have a _ that ejects H+
Proton pump
Ejection keeps _ neutral
Cell’s internal pH
To stop cells from becoming negatively charged and attracting more H+
Potassium ions (K+) are pumped in
Potassium pumped into cells to balance
Electrical charge
