Orhtopaedic Techniques Flashcards
Why might a joint aspiration be carried out
diagnostic purposes
distinguish between synovial fluid, pus, or blood
What needle is used for aspiration
wide-bore needle attached to a 20-50ml syringe
How is a sample taken from the iliac crest
Punch biopsy
What is the preferred technique for tumours of soft tissue and bone
Surgical biopsy
What joints can be examined using arthroscopy
Knee Shoulder ankle wrist hip small joints of the fingers
When is soft tissue release used
To correct the deformity caused by soft tissue contracture e.g. club foot
What is a tenotomy
dividing a tendon
When might a tendon transfer be used
to restore the balance or occasionally to restore a specific function e.g. in the hand
What is an osteotomy
Dividing a bone usually by open operation
When is an osteotomy used
To correct bone deformity and occasionally persistent joint contracture
To relieve pain in OA
What is an arthotomy
Opening a joint surgically to secure drainage or to carry out an exploration or surgical procedure
What is an arthrodesis
Surgical fusion of a joint
What are reasons for arthrodesis
Pain relief in a joint
Stabilise a joint
What is an arthroplasty
artificial joint replacement
What is an excision arthroplasty
joint surfaces are excised completely or partially
Fibrous tissue forms the gap
Incomplete pain relief
What is a semi-arthroplasty
Only one of the joint surfaces is replacement
What is a total arthroplasty
both joint surfaces are replaced either with metal or metal and ceramic bearing against plastic usually high-density polyethylene
What are the pros and cons of Total arthroplasty
Good function
Vulnerable to sepsis and mechanical failure
What is a laminectomy
an approach to the spina canal by removing the laminae of one or more vertebrae with the intervening ligaments
Why might amputation of a limb be required
Retention may be life threatening
Non viable
Function or appearance could be improved by replacement
Pain which is resistant to other forms of therapy
How is muscular relaxation achieved for manipulation of fractures and dislocation
Carrying out the manipulation quickly and unexpectedly
Heavy sedation
Local anaesthetic
General anaesthetic
What splint is used for a femoral shaft fracture
Thomas Splint
When might a cervical collar be used
for the relief of pain in acute conditions
spondylosis
immobilisation of injuries
