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finals > orhto > Flashcards

orhto Flashcards

1
Q

colles fracture

what nerve may be injured

A

FOOSH

dorsally displaced distal radius
dinner fork deformity

median nerve

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2
Q

boxer frac

A

punch hard surface like wall

= minimally displaced frac of 5th metacarpal

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3
Q

smiths frac

A

reverse colles
fall backwards onto palm of outstretched hand or
fall w wrists flexed

anterior displacement of frac
garden spade deformity

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4
Q

bartons frac

A

distal radius frac ie colles/smiths w associated radiocarpal dislocation

fall onto extended and pronated wrist

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5
Q

scaphoid frac presentation and intial mx

A

FOOSH

pain along radial aspect of the wrist, at the base of the thumb
loss of grip/ pinch strength
pain on ulnar deviation

futuro splint or standard below elbow backslab
refer ortho

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6
Q

garden classification of INTRACAPSULAR hip frac

A
  • I – incomplete, non-displaced
  • II – complete, non-displaced

III – partial displacement
IV – full displacement

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7
Q

garde class INTRACAPSULAR hip frac tx

A

I and II – internal fixation

III and IV – blood supply disrupted so needs to be removed and replaced:

 Hemiarthroplasty – leaves acetabulum – limited mobility/co-morbidities

 Total hip replacement – fit, can walk

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8
Q

Extracapsular frac of hip mx

A

blood supply remiains intact

Intertrochanteric – Dynamic hip screw
- Subtrochanteric – Intramedullary nail

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9
Q

hip frac presentation

A

shortened
abducted
externally rotated

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10
Q

how to measure pressure in compartment syndrome

A

needle manometry

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11
Q

acute compartment syndrome

A

pain on ankle dorsiflexion
after injury ie frac or crush

= faciotomy emergency

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12
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A

cancer caused by human herpes 8 (HHV8)
mc seen in pt end stage HIV

red/purple raised skin lesions skin and mucosa ie gi and resp tract

lesions may later ulcerate
resp involvement = massive haemoptysis and pleural effusion
radiotherapy and resection

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13
Q

meniscal tears presenation

A

twisting movements
pop sound
pain, gradual swelling, stiffness,
reduced ROM
locking giving way

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14
Q

meniscal tears ix and tx

A

1st = MRI
gold standard = arthroscopy

RICE
nsaids physio

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15
Q

ACL injury

A

twisting injury pain ‘pop’
rapid swelling

mri athroscopy

RICE nsaids, crutches, physio
athroscopic surgery

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16
Q

osgood schlatter age and what is it

A

10-15
inflam at tibial tub where patella ligament inserts
starts w tender lump –> hard non tender
pain anterior knee worse on excercise

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17
Q

frozen shoulder 3 phases

A

pain
stiffness (ext. rotation most affected)
thawing at 6 mths

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18
Q

rotator cuff injury ix

A

uss/mri

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19
Q

rotator cuff supraspinatus

A

abducts arm

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20
Q

rotator cuff innfraspinatus and teres minor

A

ext rotate arm

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21
Q

rotator cuff subscapularis

A

internally rotates arm

22
Q

most common shoulder dislocation

A

anterior

23
Q

should injury in seizure or electric shock

A

posterior shoulder dislocation

24
Q

Medial epicondylitis

A

medial epicondyle usually flexes wrist

= golfers elbow

25
Q

Lateral epicondylitis

A

later epi usually extends wrist

= tennis elbow (or house painting)

26
Q

baker cyst ix

A

USS

27
Q

achilles tendon rupture ix

A

USS

28
Q

carpal tunnel ix

A

nerve conduction

29
Q

iliotibial band syndrome

A

lateral knee pain in runners
tender 2-3cmm above later joint line

30
Q

iliotibial band sndrome tx

A

activity modificatoon
iliotibial band stretches
doesnt improve = physio referal

31
Q

prolapsed disc l5 root compression

A

sensoryy loss dorsum of foot
weakness in foot and big toe dorsiflex
normal reflexes
+ve siatic stretch test

32
Q

plantar faciitus

A

mc cause of heel pain
pain worse around medial calcaneal tubersity

33
Q

plantar faciitis mx

A

rest feet
shoes w good support and cushioned heels
insoled and heel pads maybe

34
Q

causes of avasc necrosis of hip

A

long term steroids
chemo
alcohol excess
trauma

35
Q

which nerves can be damaged in instrumental delivery

A

femoral
lumbosacral
sciatic
obturator

36
Q

femoral nerve damage

A

week knee extension
loss of patella reflex
numbness of thigh

37
Q

achilles tendon rupture examination

A

simmonds triad

38
Q

fouchers sign

A

increase in tension of bakers cyst on extension of the knee

39
Q

posterior hip dislocation presentation

A

MC dislocation

shortened
adducted
internally rotated

40
Q

dupuytrens contracture

A

thickening of connective tissue in palm

ring finger and little finger curled
inability to flex fingers

41
Q

causes of dupuytrens contracture

A

manual labour
phenytoin
alcoholic liver disease
DM
trauma

42
Q

l4 nerve root compression

A

sensory loss
anterior aspect of knee and medial malleolus

weak knee extension hip adduction

reduced knee reflex

43
Q

pt cant take alendronic acid bc gi pset 2nd line and 3rd line

A

2nd line risedronate or etidronate

3rd strontium ranelate or raloxifene

last = denosumab

44
Q

what might ortho do with septic joint

A

joint washout
aspiration
debridement

45
Q

rf for septic arthritis

A

penetrating injury
immunosupression
RA
DM
intrarticular injections
infection elsewhere ie gonnococcal

46
Q

where does supraspinatus attach to humerus

A

greater tubercle

47
Q

mc rotator cuff tear

how to assess

A

tears in supraspinatus tendon

MRI and US

48
Q

supraspinatus intiates abduction for first 10-15 degrees then what takes over

A

deltoid

49
Q

two muscles innervated by accesory nerve

A

teres minor and deltoid

50
Q
A

finals (28 decks)

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