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finals > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What is glue ear

A

otitis media with effusion

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2
Q

Positive rinnes test means?

A

normal
ie air>bone

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3
Q

webers test lateralises to where

A

Affected ear in conductive
unnaffected ear in sensorineural

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4
Q

Post viral horizontal nystagmus no tinnitus no hearing loss

A

vestibular neuritis

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5
Q

nasal septal haematoma tx

complications `

A

immediate ENT referal for drainage

saddle nose bc disrupted vasc supply to cartilage

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6
Q

how to differentiate nasal septal haematoma from deviated septum

A

this may be differentiated from a deviated septum by gently probing the swelling. Nasal septal haematomas are typically boggy whereas septums will be firm

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7
Q

Auricular haematomas tx and complication

A

same day ENT asssesment for incision and drainage to prevent cauliflower ear

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8
Q

nasopharyngeal carcinoma type

A

SSC

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9
Q

nasopharyngeal carcinoma sx

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is more common in people of Asian origin, and typically presents with epistaxis, headaches, lymph node metastasis or unilateral hearing loss.

unilateral middle ear effusion in adult can be presenting sign

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10
Q

perf Tympanic membrane that doesnt heal tx

A

myringoplasty

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11
Q

‘Consider making an urgent referral (to be seen within 2 weeks) to an ear, nose and throat service for adults of Chinese or south-east Asian family origin who have

A

hearing loss and a middle ear effusion not associated with an upper respiratory tract infection’.

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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12
Q

Bugs causing otitis media

A

resp epithelium =

haemophilis influ. B
strep pneum
moraxella

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13
Q

what is ramsey hunt

A

Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster oticus) is caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus in the geniculate ganglion of the seventh cranial nerve.

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14
Q

ramsey hunt sx

A

auricular pain is often the first feature
facial nerve palsy
vesicular rash around the ear

other features include vertigo and tinnitus

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15
Q

ramsey hunt tx

A

oral acyclovir and oral corticosteroids

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16
Q

ototoxic meds

A

gentamicin
furesomide
quinine
aspirin
chemo agents

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17
Q

Globus hystericus

A

This is the sensation of a lump being stuck in the throat, with no physical findings present

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18
Q

Globus, hoarseness and no red flags

&nothing on CXR and larygoscopy

A

laryngopharyngeal reflux

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19
Q

rinne and weber result of sensurineural hearing loss of left ear

A

postive rinnes bilaterally
weber lateralises to right ear

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20
Q

acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannoma sx (depending on cranial nerve)

A

cranial nerve VIII: hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus
cranial nerve V: absent corneal reflex
cranial nerve VII: facial palsy

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21
Q

bilateral acoustic neuroma

A

neurofibromatosis type 2

22
Q

when to refer a child with glue ear to ENT

A

if they have persisting significant hearing loss on two separate occasions (usually 6-12 weeks apart)

23
Q

unilateral glue ear in adult mx

A

refer two week wait ENT for malignancy

posterior nasal space tumor

24
Q

nasal polyps tx

A

Intranasal corticosteroid spray or drops can be used to shrink nasal polyps ie

intranasal mometasone furoate,
fluticasone furoate,
fluticasone propionate

drops if severe obstruction

25
Q

How long should you give nasal polyp tx for

A

Intranasal corticosteroids should be trialled for 4-6 weeks.

26
Q

what conditions in children need to be referred to ENT if they have glue ear

A

down syndrome
cleft palate

27
Q

acute necrotising gingivitis mx

A

dentist
metronidazole
chlorhexadine mouthwash
paracetamol

28
Q

recurrent otitis externa following abx tx and fungal discharge

A

candida

29
Q

vestibular neuronitis tx acute and chronic

A

prochlorperazine (acute phase only)

vestibular rehab exercises

30
Q

vestibular neuronitis sx

A

post viral
vertigo hours to days
maybe N&V
horizontal nystagmus

NO hearing loss or tinnitus

31
Q

complications of thyroid surgery

A

damage to Parathyroid glands = hypocalcaemia

32
Q

chronic rhinosinusitis tx

A

nasal saline irrigation

33
Q

labrynthitis sx

A

acute onset

vertigo
N&V
hearing loss (both U&Bi)
Tinnitus
post URTI

34
Q

labrynthitis vertigo type

A

not triggered by movement but worsened by movement

35
Q

Labrynthitis signs

A

spontaneous unidirectional horizontal nystagmus towards the unaffected side

sensorineural hearing loss

abnormal head impulse test: signifies an impaired vestibulo-ocular reflex

gait disturbance: the patient may fall towards the affected side

36
Q

labrynthitis mx

A

self resolves
prochlorperazine for dizziness

37
Q

meniers management

life
acute
prophylaxis

A

inform DVLA

buccal/IM prochlorperazine

betahistine
maybe vestib rehab

38
Q

cochlear implants when

A

failed trial of hearing aid - 3 month trial

39
Q

presbyacusis

A

normal loss of high frequency hearing with old age

40
Q

salivary gland calculi/ sialolithiasis MC

A

form in submandibular gland and so therefore block whartons duct

41
Q

menieres main features
others

A

recurrent episodes 10-30mins
vertigo tinnitus hearing loss (sensineu)

aural fullness/pressure senstion

nystagmus
+ve rombergs

42
Q

how to tell between vestibular neuronitis and posterior circulation stroke

A

HiNTs exam

abnormal in peripheral cause and normal in central cause

43
Q

where are acoustic neuromas best visualised

A

MRI of cerebellopontine angle

44
Q

pain on swallowing

A

odynophagia

45
Q

sx of tonsillitis

A

soar thrat
pain and diff swallowing
fever
change in voice
ear pain
anorexua
abdo pain

46
Q

name of LN which is enlarged in tonsillitis

A

jugulodigastric lymph node

47
Q

why pen V in tonsillitis instead of amox

A

just incase mono –> will cause rash

48
Q

area of nose where anterior epistaxis originates

A

littles area / klesselbacks plexus

49
Q

conservative mx epistaxis

A

lean forward
squeeze bottom of nose
ice pack to nose brudge

50
Q

mx of epistaxis in child <2yo

A

admit and follow up

underlying cause more likely to be haemophilia or leukemia in this age group

51
Q

first aid measurement failed epistaxis

A

bleeding hasnt stoppeed after 10-15 mins

packing
silver nitrate cauterisation

ligation of sphenopalatine

52
Q
A

finals (28 decks)

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