Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

finals > endo > Flashcards

endo Flashcards

1
Q

cushings bloods

A

hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cushings Ix

A

1st line overnight low dose dexamthasone suppression test
= if cushings -> morning cortisol spike not suppressed
and high dose dex suppresion

2x 24hr urine free cortisol
2x bedtime salivary cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

high dose dex supression cortisol not suppressed but ACTH supressed

A

cushing syndrome due to other cuase (not pitruatry) ie adrenal adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

high dose dex supression
cortisol suppressed
ACTH supressed

A

cushings disease ie pit adenoma –>ACTH secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

high dose dex supression
cortisol not suppressed
ACTH not supressed

A

ectopic ACTH syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

differentiate between cushings and pseudo cushings

A

insulin stress test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how to differentiate between pitruatry and ecotpic ACTh secretion

A

petrosal sinus sampling of ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

addisons acid base

A

hyperkalaemic metabolic acidosi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

graves antibodies

A

TSH receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anti tpo antibodies

A

hashimotos thyroiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

acromegaly what is it

A

hypersectrion of GH usually from ant pit tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

signs and sx of acromeg

A

bi temp hemanopia
headache
teeth spacing
frontal bossing
macro tongue
sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ddx acromegaly

A

SERUM IGF1

ogtt -> (hyperglycaemia should supress GH) but doesnt in acro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what else to screen for with acromegaly

A

diabetes bc GH is anti insulin = insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do acromegaly pts usually die of

A

CVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

acromegaly tx

A

transphenoidal resection

somatostatin analogue -octreotide
pegvisomant
bromocriptine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

causes of hypothyroid

A

amiodarone
radiotherapy
iodine def
ca
infection
hypopitrutary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

thyroid embryological origin

A

foramen caecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hypothyroid asscoiated diseases

A

pernicous anaemia
vitiligo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

graves tx

A

carbimazole
propythiouracil

radioidione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

4Cs moniter DM

A

control glycaemic
competency w meds
complicatons
coping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

kussmauls breathing

A

DKA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

whipples triad

A

hypogycaemia

low plasma glucose <3
sx of hypo
relief w glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

autonomic hypo sx

A

sweating
tremor
palp
anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

neurogylcopenic sx hypo

A

confusion
drowseiness
seizure
coma
personality change
fnd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

causes of hypo

A

insulin,sulfonurea in prev knwon diabetic

pit insuff
liver failure
addisons
exogenous drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

high insulin hypoglycaemia causes
increased c peptide

A

sulphon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

high insulin hypoglycaemia causes
normal c pep

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

low insulin high ketones hypogly

A

alocohol w no food
pit insuff
addisons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

low insulin now ketones hypoglycaemia cause

A

non pac neoplams
insulin receptor abs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

post prandial hypoglycaemia

A

dumping post gastric bypass

32
Q

mc hypothyroid uk

A

atrophic thyroiditis

33
Q

atrophic thyroiditis

ABs
goitre?

associations

A

anti tpo anti tsh

lymphocytic infiltration = no goitre

pernicous anaemia
vitiligo
endocrinopathies

34
Q

hashimotos

abs
path

A

anti TPO

atrophy+ regen =goitre

35
Q

myxeoedema coma

A

looks hypothyroid
hypoglycarmia
hypothyroid
heart failure (brady n red BP)
coma and seizures

36
Q

causes of myxedema coma

A

radioiodine
thyroidectomy
pit surgery
infection, trauma, MI, stroke

37
Q

types of mailigant thyroid disease

A

papillary
follicular
medullary
anaplastic
lymphoma

38
Q

thyroid surg sx

A

reactionary haematoma (remove clips and call anaesthetist)
laryngeal oedma
recurrent laryngel palsy
hypoparathyroid

39
Q

hyperparathyroid presentation

A

inc Calcium

Stones bones moans and groans

renal stones, polyuria and polydipsia

bone pain, pathological fracture

deoression

abdo pain, N&V, constipation, pancreatitis, PUD (in gastrin)

and in BP

40
Q

primary hyperPTH causes and ix

A

solitary adenoma mc

bloods- ^ca, ^/N pth, ^alp, dec PO4
ECG
XR - phalyngeal erosions
DEXA osteoporosis

41
Q

primary hyperpth tx

A

inc fluid intake
avoid diet ca and thiazides

excision of adenoma

42
Q

2ndry hyper pth causes

and bloods

A

vit d deficiency
chronic renal failure

43
Q

2ndy hyper pth bloods

A

inc PTH
red Ca

inc po4
inc ALP

red vit D

44
Q

hypoparathyroid presentaton

A

Presentation: low Ca
SPASMODIC

Spasms (carpopedal = Trousseau’s sign)
Perioral paraesthesia
Anxious, irritable
Seizures
Muscle tone inc - colic, wheeze, dysphagia
Orientation impaired (confusion)
Dermatitis
Impetigo herpetiformis (low Ca + pustules in pregnancy)
Chovsteks, cardiomyopathy (1 QTc - TdP)

45
Q

trousseus sign
chovsteks sign

hypoparathyrid

A

HAND SPAZ ON BP CUFF

touch infront ear = facial nerve twtiching

46
Q

bloos hypopth

A

low ca
high phosphate
low pth
normal ALP

47
Q

causes of cushings syndroms that wont respond to dex supression

A

ACTH independant causes ie steroids or adrenal adenoma

ACTH depedant
ectopic ACTH from SCLC, carcinoid

only cushings syndroms responds to high dose dex
cause bilat adrenal hyperplasia from acth pitruit tumor

48
Q

cushings disease tx

A

transphenoidal excision

49
Q

ectopic acth

A

metyrapone

50
Q

adrenal ademona/ca cushings tx

A

adrenalectomy

51
Q

nelsons syndrome

A

rapid enlargement pit adeona post bilat adrenalectomy for cushings syndrome

pt
bitemp hempanp
hyperpigmentation

52
Q

primary hyper adolest path

pt

A

excess aldoesterone independant of RAS

hypokal
parathesia
inc BP

53
Q

causes of 2ndry hyperaldoes

and ix

A

due to inc renin bc renal hypoperf

RAS
diuretics
CCF
hepatuc failure
nephrotic

normal aldoesterone renin ratio

54
Q

addisons bloods

A

low na
high k

low glucose
low ca
anaemia

55
Q

pheochromacytoma path and causes

A

catecholamine producing tumor usually in adrenal medulla

RULE of 10s
10% malignant
10 extra adrenal
10 bilateral
10 part of hereditory syndrome

56
Q

hyperprolactineamia causes

A

exces production ie
- preg, breastfeedins
- prolactinoma
- hypothyroi(inc TSH)

dishib bc compression of pit stalk
-pit edenoma
- craniopharyngioma

Dopamine antagonists (MC)
- metoclopromide
- risperdione, halopeid

57
Q

hyperprolactinaemia tx

A

1st cabergoline,bromocriptine

2nd transphenoidl excision

58
Q

acromegaly ca risk

A

inc risk colon polyps which may develop to colon ca

59
Q

acromegaly tx

A

1st line: trans-sphenoidal excision

2nd: somatostatin analogues - octreotide

3rd line: GH antagonist - pegvisomant

4th line: radiotherapy

60
Q

Diabetis inspid urine

A

exclude DI if

urine: plasma osmolality >2

61
Q

diab inspid Dx

A

water dep test with desmopression trial

62
Q

causes of hirsutism

A

pcos
cushings
adrenal ca
steroids

63
Q

causes og gynacomastea

A

cirhossis
hypogonadism
hyperthyroid
oest/hcg producing tumor ie testicular
drugs = spiro digoxin oestrogen

64
Q

dka path

A

insulin def = glucose prod in liver

lipolysis also occurs -> fatty acids broken down form ketone bodies

= met acidosis

65
Q

why abdo pain in dka

A

polyuria 2ndry to glucose induced osmotic duiresis = dehydration

66
Q

why k infusion in dka

A

insulin causes rapid uptake of k into cells

67
Q

addisons

A

low na
high k
low glucose

68
Q

prolactinoma sx

A

amenorhea
infert
galactorhea
dec libido

69
Q

prolactinoma tx

A

transphen resection
radiotherapy (may cayse hypopit)
dop agonst = cabergoline, bromocriptine(if want preg)

70
Q

causes of hypophos

A

refeeding
glucose infusion
alcoholism
renal tubular leak
resp alkalosis of any cause

71
Q

causes hyperphos

A

tumor lysis
rhabdo
renal fail

excess vit D or phos containg med

72
Q

vit D and ca relation

A

vit d needed to absorb ca in gut

73
Q

neuropathic complications of DM

A

symmetric sensory poly - glove and stocking

mononeuropath ie CN3/6 palsy

femoral neuropathy

autonomic neuropaty

74
Q

diabetic foot signs

A

absent pulses
ulcers painless pucnhed out
charcots joint
claw toe
pes cavus

75
Q

bad controlled dm starts vomiting intractibly

A

gastric paresis

76
Q
A

finals (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions