Organs of the GI tract

Question 1

the thoracic esophagus pierces the diaphragm at

Answer 1

T10

Question 2

the esophageal hiatus is ___ __ of the midline

Answer 2

slightly left

Question 3

esophagus turns sharply left to enter the stomach at the cardiac orifice at

Answer 3

T11

Question 4

sliding hiatal hernia

Answer 4

esophageal hiatus of diagphragm enlarges or weakens

abdominal esophagus and parts of stomach herniate into thorax

Question 5

paraesophageal hiatal hernia

Answer 5

defect in diaphragm next to esophageal hiatus

permits fundus of stomach to herniate

Question 6

stomach proximal and distal location

and regions

Answer 6

proximal T10-T11
distal: L1-L2

left hypochondriac and epigastric regions

Question 7

pyloric sphincter/orifice

Answer 7

contracts to keep stomach contents in stomach, becomes orifice when ready to send contents into duodenum

Question 8

posterior to the stomach

Answer 8

diaphragm, spleen, left upper kidney, suprarenal gland, transverse colon, pancreas, transverse mesocolon

Question 9

anterior to stomach

Answer 9

left diaphragm, caudate and quadrate and left lobe of liver, left costal margin

Question 10

anterior surfaces of stomach

Answer 10

phrenic, hepatic, epigastric

Question 11

duodenum location

Answer 11

L1 to L4

Question 12

4 parts of duodenum

Answer 12

superior, descending, horizontal, ascending

Question 13

parts of duodenum that is 2nd perit

Answer 13

all but parts of 1st and 4th

Question 14

duodenum is covered anteriorly by peritoneum except where?

Answer 14

where mesocolon of transverse colon crosses the second part. no perit here

Question 15

1st part of the duod is surrounded by?

Answer 15

hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 16

the root of the mesentery begins where?

Answer 16

at the duodenojejunal flexure

Question 17

what part of duodenum is held in place and by what ligament

Answer 17

first part by hepatodueodenal ligament, portal triad is in here

Question 18

head of pancreas is located where?

Answer 18

inferior to the first part of the duodenum

Question 19

second part of duodenum anterior

Answer 19

right lobe of liver, fundus of gallbladder, transverse colon

Question 20

second part of duodenum (desending) posterior

Answer 20

right kidney and ureter

Question 21

medial to second part

Answer 21

head of pancreas

Question 22

special ducts here

Answer 22

major duodenal papilla and minor

Question 23

horizontal duod (3rd part)

Answer 23

superior mesenteric artery and vein and root of mesentery cross anterior surface,
jejunum is anterior and inferior

Question 24

4th part (ascending) duod

Answer 24

becomes intraperitoneal

Question 25

suspensory ligament of treitz

Answer 25

anchors right crus of diaphragm to duodenum

Question 26

Jejunum vs ilium: jejunum features

Answer 26

2/5 SI simple vascular arcades long vasa rects and more vascular greater diameter, thicker, more plicae circularis

Question 27

jejunum vs ilium: ilium features

Answer 27

3/5 SI compound vascular arcades, short vasa recta, less vascular smaller diameter, thinner wall, fewer plicae circularis

Question 28

meckel's diverticulum (outpouching of ileum)

Answer 28

2 inches long 2 feet from ileocecal junction arises before age 2 2 types epithelia: gastric and pancreatic

Question 29

the mesentery crosses?

Answer 29

123, AI understands getting pussy sex L1-2, 3rd part of duodenum, aorta, IVC, right ureter, right gonadal vessels, right psoas major, ends at right SI joint

Question 30

mesentery makeup

Answer 30

2 layers of peritoneum with nerves, LNs, vessels, running between them

Question 31

taenia coli

Answer 31

3 bands of longitudinal muscle on outside of colon that converge at the root of the appendix produce haustrae (slow movement of feces))

Question 32

part of large intestine that does not have epiploic appendages?

Answer 32

cecum

Question 33

openings in cecum

Answer 33

iliocolic (ileal papilla) ileum projection into cecum | opening for appendix inferior to ileal papilla

Question 34

where is vermiform appendix located

Answer 34

attached to posteromedial part of cecum

Question 35

anorectal line

Answer 35

line joining the tops of the anal columns

Question 36

rectum has ___ folds and are called | also has rectal __ (dilation)

Answer 36

3 superior intermediate inferior ampulla

Question 37

puborectalis muscle

Answer 37

muscle that relaxes during defication

Question 38

spleen location

Answer 38

parallels left ribs 9,10,11 at midaxillary line between stomach and diaphragm

Question 39

inferior to the spleen

Answer 39

left kidney | phrenicocolic ligament

Question 40

surfaces of spleen

Answer 40

diaphragmatic surface | visceral surace

Question 41

pancreas spinal level | tail location

Answer 41

``` mainly retroperiteneal (2ndarily) L1-L2 ``` tail location: some located in splenorenal ligament, anterior to the hilus of the spleen

Question 42

``` pancreas relationships artery vein IVC and aorta Stomach duod transverse colon ```

Answer 42

superior mesenteric artery and vein are posterior to the neck splenic vein and artery run horizontal supeior to body tail is against spleen IVC and aorta are posterior to body stomach is anterior duodenum goes around it transverse colon is anterior and inferior

Question 43

pancreas develops from __ and ___ and roation of __ and __ brings them together

Answer 43

ventral bud and dorsal bud | rotation of stomach and duodenum

Question 44

visceral surface of the liver

Answer 44

``` ligamentum venosum (in caudate lobe) (use to connect umbilical vein with IVC) rond ligament (inferior to LV) hepatic fossa for gall bladder ```

Question 45

porta hepatis

Answer 45

transverse fissure between caudate and quadrate lobes | transmits portal triad

Question 46

fundus of the gall bladder location

Answer 46

lowest and widest part contacts anterior ab wall at midclavicular line 9th or 10th costal cartilage transpyloric line

Question 47

parts of gall bladder

Answer 47

fundus, body, neck, cystic duct common hepatic duct (right and left hepatic duct from above join to form this) bile duct --->enters major duodenal papilla