Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastrointestinal DF > Histology of the upper GI tract: Esophagus and stomach > Flashcards

Histology of the upper GI tract: Esophagus and stomach Flashcards

1
Q

3 components of the mucosa

A

1) lining epithelium with mucosal and submucosal glands and ducts
2) lamina propria that is vacularized loose connective tissue
3) muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where in GI tract is there stratified squamos?

A

oral cavity, oropharynx, esophagus, anal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

simple columnar epithelium is where?

A

stomach, SI, LI, rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lamina propria of what is relevant site of immune responses (peyer’s patch or GALT)

A

SI and LI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

structure and function of muscularis mucosase

A

thin double layer of SM, for local movement of mucosa

-increases contact area with food, propel and mix food in GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what kind of tissue is the submucosa? and has what

A

dense irregular connective tissue

-BV, nerves, lymphatics branching into mucosa and muscularis layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

glands are present in the submucosa of the ___ and ___

A

esophagus and duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mucosa alone can extend into the lumen as? and this does what?

A

villi, which increase the absorptive capacity of digestive tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

adventitia is where

A

outside the peritoneal cavity, binds to the body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

adventitia made of ___ and contains __

A

made of loose CT, contains blood vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

serosa location

A

within the peritoneal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

serosa made of __ ___

and contains

A

loose CT, simple squamos epithelium

contains BV, nerves, adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in the upper esophagus the muscularis mucosae consits of _____ instead of ___

A

thin elastic fibers instead of smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the lower esophagus contains ___

A

smooth muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

at the gastroesophageal junction the mucosa transitions from __ to __

A

stratified squamos, to simple columnar and glandular secretory mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

portal-caval anastomoses

A

increase in portal venous pressure results in dilation of veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

esophagus muscularis externa : upper 1/3, middle 1/3, lower 1/3

A

upper: skeletal muscle
middle: transition, primary SM
lower 1/3: smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

upper esophageal spchinter:

A

anatomically defined, cricothyroid, initiation of swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lower esohpageal spchinter

A

functionally defined, gastroesophageal sphincter: prevents gastric refulx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

GERD change in epithelium (barrett’s esophagus)

A

change in epithelium from stratified sqaumos to simple columnar epithelium
-predisposes to the development of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus
premalignant may be present for 20 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hernias

A

movement of esophagus through esophageal hiatus of respiratory diaphragm into the thorax (sliding or paraesophageal)

22
Q

function of the somtach

A

homogenize and chemically process the swallowed semisolid fluid

23
Q

rugae

A

longitudinal fold of gastric mucosa and submucosa of stomach

24
Q

gastric mucosa consists of what

A

gastric glands surrounded by lamina propria

25
Q

gastric glands: cardia region

A

simple tubular and coiled at lower end, lined by mucus-secreting cells

26
Q

gastric glands amount, gastric pit

A

2-7 glands per gastric pit

27
Q

types of cells in gastric gland

A

mucous neck cells, parietal cells, stem cells, chief cells, gastroenteroendocrine cells

28
Q

mucous cells (2 classes)

A

1) surface mucous cells lining the pit
2) mucous neck cells locatied at the opening of the gastric gland into the pit

-both cells produce mucins, glycoproteins

29
Q

mucus layer from mucous cells: makeup and function

A

contains 95% water and 5% mucins, make insoluble gel that attaches to the surface of gastric mucosa = thick protective layer.
-can trap thing in it, traps bicarb to help neutralize the acidity of the stomach, makes ph alkaline

30
Q

chief cell location

A

predominate lower 1/3 of gastric gland, not in cardiac glands, rare in pyloric antrum

31
Q

what stimulaes exocytosis of pepsinogen

A

feeding after fasting

also acetylcholine

32
Q

the gastric glans of the fundus-body region contain two major cell types

A

chief cells and parietal cells

33
Q

stimulation and release of HCL from parietal cells

A

after stimulation, tubulovesicles fuse with the plasma membrane of the intracellular canaliculus
carbonic anhydrase and H+/K+ ATPase are localized in the microvilli projecting into the lumen of the intracellular cancaliculus, can relaease HCL

34
Q

autoimmune gastritis

A

autoantibodies to H+/K+dependent ATPase on parietal cells and intrinsic factor

-decreases HCL in gastric juice (achlorhydria) and lack of intrinsic factor–> no B12 absorption and leads to pernicious anemia

35
Q

stimulation of HCL by parietal cells

A

acteylcholine (directly) and gastrin (from enteroendocrine cells of pyloric antrum)
acetylcholine also stimulates release of gastrin

36
Q

H pylori site it resides and causes what

A

mucus blanket lining in the gastric epithelium especially the pyloric antrum is site where they survive and replicate in the lumen.
presence has been associated with acid peptic ulcers and adenocarcinoma of the stomach

37
Q

gastroenteroendocrine cells produce what and location

A

produces peptide hormones and are despersed throughout the mucosa of the stomach, through the colon

38
Q

peptide hormones produced by gastrointestinal endocrine cells have 3 general functions

A

1) regulation of water, electrolyte metabolism, and enzyme secretion
2) regulation of GI motility and mucosal growth
3) stimulation of the release of other peptide hormones

39
Q

secretin is released where?

A

released by cells in duodenal glands of lieberkuhn

40
Q

secretin stimulates what

A

pancreatic and duod bicarb and fluid release to control gastric acid secretion

41
Q

secretin together with what stimulates what

A

growth of exocrine pancreas, also with acetylcholine stimulates chief cells to secrete pepsinogen, inhibits gastrin release to reduce HCL secretion in the stomach

42
Q

Gastrin produced by what cells and where

A

G cells in the pyloric antrum

43
Q

main function of gastrin

A

to stimulate production of HCL by parietal cells

44
Q

Gastrin can also activate ___ to stimulate __

A

CCK, gallbladder contraction

45
Q

CCK produced where and stimulates what

A

in duod, stimulates gallbladder contraction and relaxation of sphincter of Oddi when protein and fat-rich chyme enters duodenum

46
Q

glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

produced where and stimulates what

A

produced in duod, stimulates insulin release when glucose is detected in SI

47
Q

motilin released whwer and does what

A

SI and stimulates GI motility, neural control mech

48
Q

ghrelin porduced where and does what

A

produced in the stomach fundus, binds receptor present in GH secreting cells of anterior hypophysis and stimulates secretion of growth hormone
levels increase during fasting and trigger hunger by acting on hypothalamic feeding centers

49
Q

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

food cannot get from stomach to duodenum, so infants start puking as soon as they eat, no bile in their vomit

50
Q

what kind of fibers predominate in the lamina propria

A

reticular and collagen fibers

51
Q

submucosa consists of what tissue

A

dense irregular CT, collagenous and elastic fibers are abundant

Gastrointestinal DF (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions