Organs and systems 1 Flashcards
What is respiration?
The breaking down of glucose to provide energy
What is the formula for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
What is the formula for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose > lactic acid (+ energy)
What is an oxygen debt?
When you use anaerobic respiration to exercise and you stop exercising and you breathe hard to repay all the oxygen to get rid of the lactic acid
How are alveoli adapted to their purpose?
They have a big surface area
They have a moist lining for gases to dissolve in
They have thin walls - only one cell thick
They have a great blood supply to maintain a high concentration gradient
The walls are permeable so gases can diffuse easily
Why do enzymes break down big molecules?
So they can be absorbed into the small intestine
What breaks down starch?
Amylase
What does bile do?
Produced in the liver, bile is alkaline and is released into the small intestine to counteract the acid from the stomach
What does the stomach do?
Churns
Produces protease
Produces acid to kill bacteria and give the right Ph for the protease to work
What is villi?
Capsules of capillaries in the small intestine that help absorb food
They have a large surface area and are one cell thick
What does plasma carry?
Urea Hormones Carbon dioxide Antibodies Water
What’s the structure of a red blood cell?
It’s a bi-concave shape to give a large surface area for absorbing oxygen
What is haemoglobin?
They’re in red blood cells and they carry the oxygen by becoming ‘oxyhaemoglobjn’ when they react together
They also make blood red
Why don’t red blood cells have a nucleus?
It frees up space for more haemoglobin
What are arteries, capillaries and veins?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries are involved with the exchange of materials at the tissues
Veins carry the blood to the heart
