Cells and cell functions Flashcards
What are the advantages of completing the cell cycle in a short amount of time?
Form rapidly
Replace rapidly
Divide rapidly
Replicate rapidly
What happens in the synthesis phase of the cell cycle?
DNA is replicated, this prevents genetic abnormalities that can often lead to cell death
What happens is mitosis stage of the cell cycle?
DNA division
What happens in G1 of the cell cycle?
The cell grows, builds new organelles and builds protein
What happens in G2 of the cell cycle?
The cell checks for damage to the DNA and prepares for mitosis by building more protein
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts made of protein
What do low temperatures do to the enzymes?
Low temperatures slow the enzymes but doesn’t denature them
What is an optimum ph level and temperature?
The certain temperature or ph level that lets the enzymes work most effectively
What happens if there’s a higher concentration of enzymes?
There’ll be a quicker reaction
What is a monomer?
One unit (e.g amino acids)
What does substrate mean?
A reactant
What do enzymes do?
Enzymes speed up reactions by breaking down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones
What is a tissue?
A group of cells with a similar structure and function
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell that can adapt to fill in any job
What are structural components of the body?
Muscles, tendons, bones
What is the formula for magnification?
I
A M
Image = I
Actual = A
Magnification = MWhat are the components of a human body cell?
Nucleus - contains genetic material that controls activities of the cell
Cytoplasm - where the chemical reactions happen in a cell (contains enzymes)
Cell membrane - holds the cell together and controls what goes in or out
Mitochondria - where the reactions for respiration takes place
Ribosomes - where proteins are made
What do plant cells have that human cells don’t?
Cell wall made of cellulose to strengthen cell
Vacuole containing cell sap
Chloroplasts containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Why are palisade leaf cells adapted for photosynthesis?
Packed with chloroplasts
A lot of surface area is exposed down the side for absorbing CO2
Thin, so you can layer them
How are guard cells adapted in plant cells?
When there’s lots of water the guard cells fill with it and go plump, opening the stomata so gases can be exchanged.
When it’s short of water, the guard cells go floppy and close the stomata so water vapour doesn’t escape
They also close at night to save water.
what shape is DNA?
A double helix
What is a nucleotide?
One strand of DNA
what are the complementary base pairings of DNA?
A-T
C-G
What is DNA fingerprinting?
Taking a sample of DNA to identify somebody.
