Microorganisms and Biotechnology Flashcards
What do bacterial cells not have that other cells do?
Nucleus
Mitochondria
what does a bacterial cell have?
A cell membrane
Cell wall
Flagellum
where is the DNA in bacterial cells?
It just floats around in the cytoplasm
What is a flagellum?
A tail to help bacteria move
How do bacteria get their nutrients?
They absorb it from the surroundings
How do bacteria reproduce?
By asexual reproduction
Binary fission (Splitting in two)
What are the 4 stages of an infectious disease?
The microorganism gets in the body either through the nose, mouth, skin or sexual contact
It reproduces rapidly in the body
It produces toxins that damage cells and tissues
The toxins cause symptoms and your immune system tries to kill them
What is the incubation period of an infection?
The time between the microorganism getting in, to when you develop symptoms
What is fermentation?
When microorganisms break sugars down to release energy
How is milk fermented to make yogurt?
The equipment is sterilised
The milk is pasteurised (heated up) to kill microorganisms
Bacteria is added and it’s incubated in a fermentor
The bacteria use anaerobic respiration to ferment it, creating lactic acid, which causes the milk to clot
what are functional foods?
Foods that benefit you more than basic nutrition (Give you health benefits like protection against disease)
What is yeast?
A fungi and microorganism
What is the formula for yeast respiring anaerobically
Glucose > ethanol and carbon dioxide
What fungi makes Mycoprotein?
Fusarium
What are immobilised enzymes?
Enzymes that are still active but are attached to an insoluble material
