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VANA 103 > Organogenesis: D. Development of Eyes and Ears > Flashcards

Organogenesis: D. Development of Eyes and Ears Flashcards

1
Q
  • are crucial for an animal’s survival and well-being
  • focused on the different stages of embryonic development
A

Eye Development

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2
Q
  • Eye Development In Animals begins with the formation of the ?, a thickening of the ectoderm.
  • Appears on either side of the developing brain (forebrain)
A

optic placode

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3
Q

formation of the optic placode is induced by signals from adjacent mesodermal tissues and neural tissue, such?

A

as Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)

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4
Q

Optic placode invaginates to form the?

A

optic pit

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5
Q

Optic pit eventually pinches off from the surface ectoderm to become the ?, a spherical structure that will give rise to the retina and optic nerve.

A

optic vesicle (or otocyst)

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6
Q

Optic vesicle undergoes further invagination to form the ?, a double-layered structure.

A

optic cup

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7
Q

Optic cup outer layer becomes the?

A

retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)

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8
Q

Optic cup inner layer will develop into the?

A

neural retina

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9
Q

Adjacent ectoderm thickens to form?

A

lens placodes

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10
Q

Placodes invaginate to form lens vesicles, which will differentiate into the ? of the eye.

A

lens

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11
Q

crucial for focusing light onto the retina.

A

lens vesicle

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12
Q
  • begins to form from the ectoderm and mesoderm.
  • becomes a transparent structure that allows light to enter the eye.
A

Corneal

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13
Q
  • forms from the mesodermal tissue surrounding the lens and separates the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye.
  • regulates the amount of light entering the eye through the pupil.
A

Iris

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14
Q

It develops distinct layers:
o outer nuclear layer (containing photoreceptors)
o inner nuclear layer (containing bipolar and horizontal cells)
o ganglion cell layer (containing cells whose axons form the optic nerve).

A

Neural retina

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15
Q

(containing photoreceptors)

A

outer nuclear layer

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16
Q

(containing bipolar and horizontal cells)

A

inner nuclear layer

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17
Q

(containing cells whose axons form the optic nerve).

A

ganglion cell layer

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18
Q

are sensitive to low light levels

A

Rods

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19
Q

detect color and detail.

A

Cones

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20
Q
  • a gel-like substance filling the eye
  • begins to form and fill the space between the lens and the retina.
A

Vitreous Body

21
Q
  • the white part of the eye
  • develops from mesodermal tissues
    surrounding the optic cup provides structural support and protection
A

Sclera

22
Q
  • reflective layer of tissue located behind the retina of many nocturnal animals, such as cats, dogs, and deer.
  • improve vision in low-light conditions
  • enhance night vision.
A

Tapetum Lucidum

23
Q

develops from the ectoderm and mesoderm layers

A

ear

24
Q

a thickening of the ectoderm, forms on each side of the hindbrain (rhombencephalon) around the 4th week of human embryonic development.

A

otic placode

25
Q

otic placode is regulated by various signaling pathways, including?

A

FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor) and BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein).

26
Q

Otic placode invaginates to form the?

A

otic pit

27
Q

otic pit pinches off from the surface ectoderm to become the?

A

otic vesicle (or otocyst)

28
Q

Otic vesicles give rise to the?

A

inner ear structures

29
Q

otic vesicle differentiates into two main parts:

A

o utricle and saccule
o cochlear duct

30
Q

involved in balance

A

utricle and saccule

31
Q

is responsible for hearing

A

cochlear duct

32
Q

Otic vesicle also forms the?

A

endolymphatic sac and ducts

33
Q

otic vesicle elongates and segments to form?

A

three semicircular canals

34
Q

cochlear duct elongates and coils to form the?

A

cochlea

35
Q

spiral-shaped structure essential for converting sound vibrations into?

A

neural signals

36
Q

essential for converting sound vibrations into neural signals.

A

spiral-shaped structure

37
Q
  • developed within the cochlea and the vestibular system (utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals)
  • have hair-like projections (stereocilia) that detect sound waves and head movements
A

Hair Cells

38
Q
  • surround hair cells and provide structural support
  • potential to regenerate hair cells in some species ( fish and birds)
A

Supporting Cells

39
Q

forms from the pharyngeal cleft (first pharyngeal pouch) and lined by endoderm

A

middle ear cavity

40
Q

middle ear cavity connects to the ? through the Eustachian tube, which helps equalize air pressure.

A

nasopharynx

41
Q

middle ear cavity connects to the nasopharynx through the ?, which helps equalize air pressure.

A

Eustachian tube

42
Q

— malleus, incus, and stapes — develop from the cartilaginous structures of the first and second pharyngeal arches.
— are essential for transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.

A

middle ear bones (ossicles)

43
Q
  • forms from the six auricular hillocks from the first and second pharyngeal arches
  • fuses to form the external ear’s distinctive shape.
A

Auricle (Pinna)

44
Q

develops from the first pharyngeal cleft and grows inward toward the tympanic membrane (eardrum), which separates the outer ear from the middle ear.

A

External Acoustic Meatus (Ear Canal)

45
Q

What cells in the cochlea and vestibular apparatus form connections with the auditory and vestibular nerves?

A

Sensory cells

46
Q

Sensory cells in the cochlea and vestibular apparatus form connections with the?

A

auditory and vestibular nerves

47
Q

are crucial for processing sound and balance information

A

Neural pathways

48
Q

Neural pathways are crucial for processing?

A

sound and balance information

VANA 103 (17 decks)

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