Organization of the nervous system Flashcards
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
Peripheral and Central Nervous System
The CNS is made up of what?
What determines the limits or boundries of the CNS?
-The spinal cord and Brain
-Meninges
(Dura Mater, Arachnoid membrane, Pia Mater)
What is the difference between sensory afferents and motor efferents?
sensory afferents: The nerves responsible for sensing a stimulus and sending information about the stimulus to your central nervous system
Motor efferents: The nerves that carry signals away from the central nervous system in order to initiate an action
Know the divisions of the Nervous System
in PP
(also look at where the different parts of the brain are
In early human brain development, what are the three vesicles that are formed?
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
The three vesicles then turn to five….. there are two in the forebrain, one in the midbrain, and two in the hindbrain what are there names?
forebrain: telencephalon diencephalon midbrain: mesencephalon hindbrain: metencephalon myelenchephalon
What parts of the brain are in the forebrain?
Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
What parts of the brain are in the midbrain?
none! (just known as the midbrain)
What parts of the brain are in the hindbrain?
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
What is found under the hindbrain?
the spinal cord
The “sausage link looking” membrane ontop of the brain that is only a few mm thick is called what?
Cerebral Cortex
What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?
frontal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lobe
parietal lobe
*look at slide to see what each lobe is responsible for
What is the broad band of nerve fibers responsible for connecting the two hemispheres of the brain called?
Corpus Callosum
Look at slides at the Limbic system and Basal Nuclei
What does the thalamus do?
Major sensory relay cortical tone (waking)
What does the cerebellum do?
controls automatic skeletal motor activities and balance
what does the Medulla do?
controls vegetative functions (body processes most directly concerned with maintenance of life)
What does the hypothalamus do?
- its the interface between brain and the rest of the body
- regulates basic drives (hunger, thirst, sex, aggression)
- mediates peripheral endocrine activity via pituitary
What does the RAS and Locus Coeruleus do?
-controls arousal, sleep to wake transitions, and alertness
What are the two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
- Sensory
- Motor:
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Somatic Nervous System
What do cranial nerves do?
carry messages to and from the brain
are cranial nerves sensory, or motor, or both?
some are sensory, some are motor, and some are both
What some of the nerves responsible for?
- Sight, hearing, taste, smell
- Others receive input such as pain, temperature, pressure, touch
What do spinal nerves do?
Are they sensory, or motor, or both?
carry messages to and from the spinal cord
both
What is the is Somatic Nervous System responsible for?
- conscious control of skeletal muscles
- Involuntary: Spinal reflexes, Flexor (withdrawal), stretch, cross extensor
What does the Autonomic Nervous system control?
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle
- some internal organs (ie: intestines, uterus, bladder)
- some glands (ie: adrenal, salivary, sweat)
What are the two autonomic subtypes?
Parasympathetic (cranial & sacral regions) and Sympathetic (thoracic & lumbar regions)
(look at slide to see a picture where every region is)
True or False: The parasympathetic and sympathetic create opposite effects
True
look at last 2 slides
