Organization of the nervous system

Question 1

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Peripheral and Central Nervous System

Question 2

The CNS is made up of what?

What determines the limits or boundries of the CNS?

Answer 2

-The spinal cord and Brain
-Meninges
(Dura Mater, Arachnoid membrane, Pia Mater)

Question 3

What is the difference between sensory afferents and motor efferents?

Answer 3

sensory afferents: The nerves responsible for sensing a stimulus and sending information about the stimulus to your central nervous system
Motor efferents: The nerves that carry signals away from the central nervous system in order to initiate an action

Question 4

Know the divisions of the Nervous System

Answer 4

in PP

(also look at where the different parts of the brain are

Question 5

In early human brain development, what are the three vesicles that are formed?

Answer 5

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

Question 6

The three vesicles then turn to five….. there are two in the forebrain, one in the midbrain, and two in the hindbrain what are there names?

Answer 6

forebrain:
telencephalon
diencephalon
midbrain:
mesencephalon
hindbrain:
metencephalon
myelenchephalon

Question 7

What parts of the brain are in the forebrain?

Answer 7

Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Question 8

What parts of the brain are in the midbrain?

Answer 8

none! (just known as the midbrain)

Question 9

What parts of the brain are in the hindbrain?

Answer 9

Pons
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum

Question 10

What is found under the hindbrain?

Answer 10

the spinal cord

Question 11

The “sausage link looking” membrane ontop of the brain that is only a few mm thick is called what?

Answer 11

Cerebral Cortex

Question 12

What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 12

frontal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lobe
parietal lobe

*look at slide to see what each lobe is responsible for

Question 13

What is the broad band of nerve fibers responsible for connecting the two hemispheres of the brain called?

Answer 13

Corpus Callosum

Question 14

Look at slides at the Limbic system and Basal Nuclei

Question 15

What does the thalamus do?

Answer 15

Major sensory relay 
cortical tone (waking)

Question 16

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 16

controls automatic skeletal motor activities and balance

Question 17

what does the Medulla do?

Answer 17

controls vegetative functions (body processes most directly concerned with maintenance of life)

Question 18

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 18

• its the interface between brain and the rest of the body
• regulates basic drives (hunger, thirst, sex, aggression)
• mediates peripheral endocrine activity via pituitary

Question 19

What does the RAS and Locus Coeruleus do?

Answer 19

-controls arousal, sleep to wake transitions, and alertness

Question 20

What are the two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Answer 20

1. Sensory
2. Motor:
   - Autonomic Nervous System
   - Somatic Nervous System

Question 21

What do cranial nerves do?

Answer 21

carry messages to and from the brain

Question 22

are cranial nerves sensory, or motor, or both?

Answer 22

some are sensory, some are motor, and some are both

Question 23

What some of the nerves responsible for?

Answer 23

• Sight, hearing, taste, smell

- Others receive input such as pain, temperature, pressure, touch

Question 24

What do spinal nerves do?

Are they sensory, or motor, or both?

Answer 24

carry messages to and from the spinal cord

both

Question 25

What is the is Somatic Nervous System responsible for?

Answer 25

• conscious control of skeletal muscles

- Involuntary: Spinal reflexes, Flexor (withdrawal), stretch, cross extensor

Question 26

What does the Autonomic Nervous system control?

Answer 26

• smooth muscle
• cardiac muscle
• some internal organs (ie: intestines, uterus, bladder)
• some glands (ie: adrenal, salivary, sweat)

Question 27

What are the two autonomic subtypes?

Answer 27

Parasympathetic (cranial & sacral regions) and Sympathetic (thoracic & lumbar regions)
(look at slide to see a picture where every region is)

Question 28

True or False: The parasympathetic and sympathetic create opposite effects

Answer 28

True

look at last 2 slides