Drug Tolerance and Sensitization Flashcards
true of false: the exposure to a drug can alter the future exposure to a drug
true
what is drug tolerance?
Diminished response (efficacy or potency) to a drug following prior exposure to the drug
what are the two methods that drug tolerance occur?
- ) Reduce the opportunity of a drug to reach receptors
2. )Counterattack the drug effect (compensatory reaction)
what is drug sensitization?
Increased response (efficacy or potency) to a drug following prior exposure to a drug
Drug sensitization: Increase/Decrease response to a drug following prior exposure to the drug
increase (slide 3)
Drug Tolerance: Diminished/Build Up response to a drug following prior exposure to the drug
Diminished (slide 4)
Describe Tachyphylaxis (3 bullets)
- Short time course (e.g., after a single dose)
- Temporary
- NT depletion; receptors occupied
Tolerance to one drug results in tolerance to another drug
Cross Tolerance
What are three different tolerance mechanisms?
Pharmacokinetic (Metabolic; Dispositional) Tolerance
Pharmacodynamic (Cellular; Physiological) Tolerance
Context-Specific (Behavioral; Conditioned) Tolerance
pharmacokinetic tolerance is manifested by what?
enzyme induction
overall, pharmacokinetic tolerance leads to…..
reduction in the concentration of drug at the site of action (BIOAVAILABILITY). Therefore, more drug needed to achieve same effect
pharmacodynamics tolerance is also known as what?
physiological or Cellular tolerance
what does pharmacodynamics tolerance involve?
changes at the site of drug action (e.g. synapse)
Many forms of drug tolerance and sensitization come
about because of __________ processes and ______________ that may occur ________________ and that are highly task- or situation-specific (regardless of the activity at the receptor level).
learning, behavioral adaptations, in the presence of the drug
what are two mechanisms of context specific learning
Classical Conditioning and Instrumental Conditioning
