Basic Pharmacology principles I Flashcards
drugs act by changing……
the normal rate of psychological processes
The ultimate effect of a psychotropic drug is realized by the direct or indirect increase or decrease in …
neurotransmission
What factors contribute to the effects of drugs?
-molecular structure
-characteristics of the drugs
-concentration of drug at the site of action
(dose, routine of administration, time since administration, frequency of administration, sex, genotype)
-History of administration
-set
-setting
etc…
What is the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act?
- Amended the adulteration provisions of the FD&C Act
- Under DSHEA, a dietary supplement is adulterated only if it or (one of its ingredients) presents “a significant or unreasonable risk of illness or injury” when used as directed on the label
- Under DSHEA, other substances besides essential nutrients and herbs are included as “supplements”
- The DSHEA limits the ability of the FDA to regulate dietary supplements and herbs
- (Herein lies the risk of taking herbal [i.e., natural] remedies)
What is the chemical name of a drug?
It is the name assigned when the drug is initially discovered. It describe the atomic or molecular structure. Chemical groups are also used (ie: Steroids, Barbiturates, Catecholamine)
**Examples of all the names on the top of slide 4
What is the generic name?
This is the name assigned to the drug after the FDA approves it. It is assigned by the United States Adopted Names Council. It is often shorthand for the drugs molecular name, formula or structure. Often indicates use, class, properties, or actions. It is used by Government officials, researchers and prescribers. Its the actual name of the drug
**Examples of all the names on the top of slide 4
What are Brand/Trade (Proprietary) names?
These names are catchy and often related to their intended use. They are assigned after the FDA approves of the drug. It is copyrighted and identifies the drug with as property of a company.
**Examples of all the names on the top of slide 4
What is pharmokinetics?
The dynamic processes involved in the movement of drugs within biological systems with respect to the drugs absorption, distribution binding/localizing in tissues, metablic changes, and ecretion from the body
What are pharmodynamics?
The study of biochemical and physiological processes that determine the effects of drugs on organisms
Psychotopic drugs exert these effects at or near the cell membrane
What is a ligand?
an (endogenous) molecule that binds to another molecule
The attachment of a ligand to another molecule is known as…
binding
Proteins are embedded within what?
4 things
enzymes
transporters
channels
receptors
**look at last slide of this powerpoint
