Organization and Management

Question 1

Organizational structure

Answer 1

refers to the levels of management and division of responsibilities within an organization

Question 2

Organizational chart

Answer 2

refers to a diagram that outlines the internal management structure

Question 3

Hierarchy

Answer 3

refers to the levels of management in any organization, from highest to lowest

Question 4

Level of hierarchy

Answer 4

refers to managers/supervisors/other employees who are given a similar level of responsibility in an organization.

Question 5

Chain of command

Answer 5

is the structure in an organization which allows instructions to be passed down from senior management to lower levels of management.

Question 6

Organizational chart (Feature)

Answer 6

• The chart shows how everybody is linked together in the organization. All employees are aware which communication channel is used to reach them with msgs and instructions

Question 7

Advantages of organizational chart

Answer 7

• Every individual can see their own position in the organization. They can identify who they are accountable to and who they have authority over
• Everyone is in a department and this gives them a sense of belonging

Question 8

Span of control

Answer 8

is the number of subordinates working directly under a manager

Question 9

Advantages of short chains of command

Answer 9

• Communication is quicker and more accurate, since the message only passes through a fewer levels when reaching the intended person
• Top managers are less remote from lower levels, so these managers should be more in touch with workers below them.
• since span of control in wider, which would make managers delegate more as they have more employees to manage under them
• less direct control of each worker, so they will feel more trusted, more decisions can be taken by themselves (Job satisfaction)

Question 10

Directors

Answer 10

are senior managers who lead a particular department or division of a business

Question 11

Line managers

Answer 11

have direct responsibility for people below them in the hierarchy of an organization

Question 12

Supervisors

Answer 12

are junior managers who have direct control over the employees below them in the organizational structure

Question 13

Staff managers

Answer 13

are specialists who provide support, information and assistance to line managers

Question 14

Delegation

Answer 14

means giving a subordinate the authority to perform particular tasks

Question 15

Advantages of delegation (for the manager)

Answer 15

• Managers can delegate the workload he has, as it is hard for the manager to do everything by themselves.
• Managers are less likely to make mistakes, since some tasks are carried out by subordinates
• Managers can measure can measure the success of their staff.

Question 16

Advantages of delegation (for the employee)

Answer 16

• The work becomes more interesting and rewarding
• The employee feels more important and believes trust is being put in them to perform the job well
• Delegation helps to train workers and they can make progress in the organization.

Question 17

Why is it important to have good managers

Answer 17

• motivate employees
• give guidance and advice
• inspire employees to go beyond limits
• manage resources effectively
• increase profits of the business

Question 18

Leadership styles

Answer 18

are the different approaches to dealing with people and making decisions when in a position of authority - autocratic, democratic or laissez-faire

Question 19

Autocratic leadership

Answer 19

is where the manager expects to be in charge of the business and have their orders followed

Question 20

Advantages of autocratic leadership

Answer 20

• Quick decision making, ex: during a crisis

Question 21

disadvantages of autocratic leadership

Answer 21

• No opportunity for employee input into key decision, which is demotivating

Question 22

Democratic leadership

Answer 22

gets other employees involved in the decision making process

Question 23

Advantages of democratic leadership

Answer 23

• Better decisions could results from consulting with employees and using their experience and ideas

Question 24

disadvantages of democratic leadership

Answer 24

• Unpopular decisions, such as making workers redundant, could not effectively be made.

Question 25

Laissez-faire leadership

Answer 25

makes the broad objectives of the business known to the employees, but then they are left to make their own decisions and organize their own work

Question 26

Advantages of Laissez-faire leadership

Answer 26

• Encourages employees to show their creativity

Question 27

disadvantages of Laissez-faire leadership

Answer 27

• Unlikely to be appropriate in organizations where a consistent and clear decision making structure is needed.

Question 28

Trade unions

Answer 28

is a group of employees who have joined together to ensure their interest are protected

Question 29

Effects of employees being union members

Answer 29

• Strength in number when negotiating
• Improved conditions of employment (ex: rates of pay, holiday)
• Improved environment where people work ex: health and safety
• Improved benefits for member who are not working because they are sick or retired/redundant.
• Improved job satisfaction (training)
• Financial support if a member if they think they have been unfairly dismissed/ made redundant/ unfair payment or tasks irrelevant to the job
• Benefits such as discounts in certain shops
• Trade unions often meet government officials to benefit workers
• More secure employment where there is closed shop

Question 30

Closed shop

Answer 30

is when all employees must be a member of the same trade union

Question 31

Disadvantages of trade unions (Employee)

Answer 31

• Costs money to be a member

- Workers forced to take actions they don’t want to

Question 32

Advantages of trade unions (Employer)

Answer 32

• Improve communication between workers and management

- Wage agreement easier to negotiate

Question 33

Disadvantages of trade unions (Employer)

Answer 33

• Organizes strikes if wishes are not fulfilled

- Wages likely to be higher