Organisms Y8

Question 1

The Respiratory System

Answer 1

A set of organs and tissues that helps you bring air into and out of the body

Question 2

Different types of drugs

Answer 2

Medicinal drugs and recreational drugs

Question 3

Medicinal drugs

Answer 3

Drugs that help people suffering from pain or disease e.g antibiotics, paracetamol, cough medicine

Question 4

Recreational drugs

Answer 4

Drugs that are taken for pleasure. These can be legal OR illegal e.g ecstasy, cannabis, cocaine, heroine

Question 5

What are the four categories of drugs?

Answer 5

Painkillers, hallucinogens, stimulants, depressants
e.g
paracetamol, LSD, caffeine/cocaine, alcohol

Question 6

Depressants

Answer 6

Reduces activity of the brain, making you sleepy and reduce anxiety. High doses leads to addiction.

Question 7

Stimulants

Answer 7

Increase activity of the brain, making you feel alert/awake leading to higher energy levels. But it can cause unpredictable change in personality

Question 8

Hallucinogens

Answer 8

Make you hear/see things that are not real, these can be exciting or terrifying

Question 9

How do we test for nutrients? 1

Answer 9

Test 1
add iodine solution, this tests for starch
yellow brown—>blue black

Question 10

How do we test for nutrients? 2

Answer 10

Test 2
add Biuret solution, tests for protein
blue—>pink purple

Question 11

How do we test for nutrients? 3

Answer 11

Test 3
add ethanol and water, tests for lipids
colourless—>cloudy white

Question 12

How do we test for nutrients? 4

Answer 12

Test 4
add Benedict’s solution and place in hot water bath, tests for simple carbohydrates/sugars (glucose)
blue—>green/yellow/brick red depending on the amount of sugar

Question 13

Tar

Answer 13

A mixture of chemicals within a cigarette that is sticky and causes cancer. When you smoke it coats your lungs.

Question 14

Carbon monoxide

Answer 14

A poisonous gas within cigarettes that will reduce the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen.

Question 15

Nicotine

Answer 15

An addictive drug in cigarettes that goes straight to your brain and increases your heart rate and blood pressure.

Question 16

Gas exchange

Answer 16

When oxygen is exchanged with carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a waste product and needs to be removed from our bodies. This process happens via diffusion and it occurs in the alveoli in our lungs.

Question 17

Pressure

Answer 17

Pressure is caused by the collision of particles against the walls of their container.

Question 18

Inhale

Answer 18

Ribs move up, volume gets bigger, diaphragm contracts, lungs expand, intercostal muscles contract

Question 19

Exhale

Answer 19

Ribs go back down, volume gets smaller, diaphragm relaxes, lungs get smaller and the intercostal muscles relax

Question 20

The pathway of air into our lungs

Answer 20

Mouth/nose->trachea->splits into two bronchi->branches off into bronchioles->alveoli->gas exchange->CO2 is exhaled out the same way

Question 21

Effects of alcohol

Answer 21

Increases reaction time (longer)—dangerous to drive. High intake can damage organs like the liver. In pregnancy, it can harm the developing foetus by affecting the development of the brain

Question 22

Emphysema

Answer 22

A disease caused by smoking. It flattens the alveoli, reducing available surface area for gas exchange.

Question 23

Bronchitis

Answer 23

Disease caused by smoking. It clogs the bronchioles, making the walls inflamed.

Question 24

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Answer 24

A disease which makes arteries and blood vessels to arms and legs become narrow, restricting blood flow.

Question 25

Effects of smoking on fertility

Answer 25

The more cigarettes smoked, the higher the risk of of infertility. Decreases sperm count and morphology, making the sperm cells deformed and decreases motility, making