Organisms Y8 Flashcards
The Respiratory System
A set of organs and tissues that helps you bring air into and out of the body
Different types of drugs
Medicinal drugs and recreational drugs
Medicinal drugs
Drugs that help people suffering from pain or disease e.g antibiotics, paracetamol, cough medicine
Recreational drugs
Drugs that are taken for pleasure. These can be legal OR illegal e.g ecstasy, cannabis, cocaine, heroine
What are the four categories of drugs?
Painkillers, hallucinogens, stimulants, depressants
e.g
paracetamol, LSD, caffeine/cocaine, alcohol
Depressants
Reduces activity of the brain, making you sleepy and reduce anxiety. High doses leads to addiction.
Stimulants
Increase activity of the brain, making you feel alert/awake leading to higher energy levels. But it can cause unpredictable change in personality
Hallucinogens
Make you hear/see things that are not real, these can be exciting or terrifying
How do we test for nutrients? 1
Test 1
add iodine solution, this tests for starch
yellow brown—>blue black
How do we test for nutrients? 2
Test 2
add Biuret solution, tests for protein
blue—>pink purple
How do we test for nutrients? 3
Test 3
add ethanol and water, tests for lipids
colourless—>cloudy white
How do we test for nutrients? 4
Test 4
add Benedict’s solution and place in hot water bath, tests for simple carbohydrates/sugars (glucose)
blue—>green/yellow/brick red depending on the amount of sugar
Tar
A mixture of chemicals within a cigarette that is sticky and causes cancer. When you smoke it coats your lungs.
Carbon monoxide
A poisonous gas within cigarettes that will reduce the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen.
Nicotine
An addictive drug in cigarettes that goes straight to your brain and increases your heart rate and blood pressure.
Gas exchange
When oxygen is exchanged with carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a waste product and needs to be removed from our bodies. This process happens via diffusion and it occurs in the alveoli in our lungs.
Pressure
Pressure is caused by the collision of particles against the walls of their container.
Inhale
Ribs move up, volume gets bigger, diaphragm contracts, lungs expand, intercostal muscles contract
Exhale
Ribs go back down, volume gets smaller, diaphragm relaxes, lungs get smaller and the intercostal muscles relax
The pathway of air into our lungs
Mouth/nose->trachea->splits into two bronchi->branches off into bronchioles->alveoli->gas exchange->CO2 is exhaled out the same way
Effects of alcohol
Increases reaction time (longer)—dangerous to drive. High intake can damage organs like the liver. In pregnancy, it can harm the developing foetus by affecting the development of the brain
Emphysema
A disease caused by smoking. It flattens the alveoli, reducing available surface area for gas exchange.
Bronchitis
Disease caused by smoking. It clogs the bronchioles, making the walls inflamed.
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
A disease which makes arteries and blood vessels to arms and legs become narrow, restricting blood flow.
