Organisation of cells

Question 1

what are the 4 major layers of the GI tract?

Answer 1

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa/adventitia

Question 2

what are the 3 types of mucosa?

Answer 2

epithelium - sits on BL
lamina propria - loose CT
muscularis mucosae - thin layer of SM

Question 3

what is submucosa?

Answer 3

loose CT
serosa - suspends digestive tract
adventitia - attaches to other organs

Question 4

what is muscularis externa?

Answer 4

2 thick layers of thick muscle (inner circular and outer longitudinal)

Question 5

what is protective mucosa?

Answer 5

non-keritanized stratified squamous epithelium
- oral cavity, pharynx, oesophaguse, anal canal

Question 6

what is absorptive mucosa?

Answer 6

simple columnar epithelium with villi and tubular glands
- small intestine

Question 7

what is secretory mucosa?

Answer 7

simple columnar epithelium with extensive tubular glands
- stomach

Question 8

what is protective and absorptive mucosa?

Answer 8

simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands
- large intestine

Question 9

what is the enteric nervous system (ENS)?

Answer 9

nervous system of GI tract

Question 10

what are the salivary glands and what ducts do they have?

Answer 10

parotid, submandibular, sublingual
- striated

Question 11

what are the small divisions of the liver that’s in a hexagonal arrangement?

Answer 11

hepatic lobules

Question 12

what makes up the portal triad?

Answer 12

bile duct, hepatic artery, portal vein

Question 13

where does blood flow from, towards and through to get to central vein?

Answer 13

from portal vein and hepatic artery towards central vein through sinusoids

Question 14

what are the exocrine cells of pancreas?

Answer 14

serous acini

Question 15

what does serous acini produce?

Answer 15

digestive juices, proteases and lipases

Question 16

what are the endocrine cells of pancreas?

Answer 16

islets of langerhans

Question 17

what do islets of langehans produce?

Answer 17

insulin and glucagon

Question 18

what do bronchi have in their walls to prevent collapse?

Answer 18

hyaline cartilage

Question 19

what are bronchioles mainly made up of?

Answer 19

smooth muscle

Question 20

what are alveoli the site of?

Answer 20

gas exchange

Question 21

what are alveoli lined by?

Answer 21

simple squamous epithelium

Question 22

what happens as the bronchi become bronchioles?

Answer 22

hyaline cartilage disappears and airway decreases

Question 23

what is the renal medulla and what’s it’s role?

Answer 23

loop of henle and a collecting duct

Question 24

what is the renal cortex?

Answer 24

renal corpuscle

Question 25

what are the 2 types of convoluted tubule of the renal cortex?

Answer 25

proximal CT and distal CT

Question 26

what does the proximal convoluted tubule do to fluid?

Answer 26

absorbs it

Question 27

what does the distal convoluted tubule do to fluid?

Answer 27

does NOT absorb it

Question 28

what are the 3 layers of a blood vessel?

Answer 28

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

Question 29

what is the tunica intima?

Answer 29

endothelium, sub-endo CT

Question 30

what is the tunica media?

Answer 30

smooth muscle

Question 31

what is the tunica externa?

Answer 31

connective tissue