Diversity of cells and functions

Question 1

what are the 4 basic tissue types?

Answer 1

epithelium
connective tissue
muscle
nervous

Question 2

what does epithelium cover?

Answer 2

all surfaces of body, organs and forms glands

Question 3

what are the 2 sides of epithelium?

Answer 3

apical (faces lumen or external environment) and basal (attaches to basal membrane)

Question 4

what is simple epithelium?

Answer 4

one layer of cells

Question 5

what is stratified epithelium?

Answer 5

2 + layers of cells

Question 6

what is pseudostratified epithelium?

Answer 6

multiple layers all in contact w basal lamina

Question 7

what does squamous mean?

Answer 7

cells are flattened

Question 8

what does cuboidal mean?

Answer 8

cells look cube like

Question 9

what does columnar mean?

Answer 9

cells are tall and thin

Question 10

what are some specialised cells?

Answer 10

• microvilli
• cillia
• keratinised

Question 11

what is the difference between endocrine and exocrine cells?

Answer 11

exocrine have ducts and secrete product directly through the duct
endocrine do not have ducts and secrete product into blood stream - distributed by vascular system

Question 12

what are the types of connective tissue?

Answer 12

soft
hard

Question 13

what are examples of soft CT?

Answer 13

tissue
tendons

Question 14

what is loose CT?

Answer 14

loosely packed fibres

Question 15

what is dense CT?

Answer 15

densely packed bundles of collagen fibres

Question 16

what are the two types of dense CTs?

Answer 16

regular - fibres aligned (tendon)
irregular - fibres bundles run in many directions (ligament)

Question 17

what is an example of hard CT?

Answer 17

cartilage

Question 18

what are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 18

• hyaline
• elastic
• fibrocartilage

Question 19

what are characteristics of cortical bone?

Answer 19

dense outer shell, no cavities

Question 20

what are characteristics of trabecular bone?

Answer 20

spongy, lots of interconnecting cavities

Question 21

what are osteons?

Answer 21

cells that form mature bone

Question 22

what are the two types of extracellular matrix?

Answer 22

organic and inorganic

Question 23

what is the organic matrix made of?

Answer 23

collagen, glycoproteins

Question 24

what is the inorganic matrix made of?

Answer 24

calcium, minerals

Question 25

what is a chondrocyte?

Answer 25

metabolically active cell that synthesises and turn over large volumes of ECM

Question 26

how are muscle cells specialised?

Answer 26

cytoplasm packed with contractile fibres to generate force by contraction

Question 27

what is the force generated by muscle cells?

Answer 27

movement of actin fibres over myosin fibres

Question 28

what are the 3 different types of muscle cells?

Answer 28

smooth, cardiac, skeletal

Question 29

what are the characteristics of smooth muscle?

Answer 29

involuntary, non-striated

Question 30

what are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?

Answer 30

involuntary, striated single nucleus at center of fibre intercalated discs - intracellular junctions for stability

Question 31

what are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?

Answer 31

voluntary, striated, multinucleated peripheral nucleus (not in center)

Question 32

what does nervous tissue consist of?

Answer 32

neurons and their supporting glia

Question 33

what does nervous tissue allow for?

Answer 33

rapid communication between diff parts of body

Question 34

what are the 3 types of neurons?

Answer 34

1. multipolar 2. bipolar 3. psuedounipolar

Question 35

what are the types of glia in the CNS?

Answer 35

microglia astrocytes oligodendrocytes

Question 36

what is the role of microglia?

Answer 36

immune surveillance

Question 37

what is the role of astrocytes?

Answer 37

provide support, involved in ion transport

Question 38

what is the role of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 38

produce myelin

Question 39

what is the type of glia in the PNS?

Answer 39

schwann cells

Question 40

what is the role of schwann cells?

Answer 40

produce myelin and support axons