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Foundations - Year 1 > Diversity of cells and functions > Flashcards

Diversity of cells and functions Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 basic tissue types?

A

epithelium
connective tissue
muscle
nervous

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2
Q

what does epithelium cover?

A

all surfaces of body, organs and forms glands

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3
Q

what are the 2 sides of epithelium?

A

apical (faces lumen or external environment) and basal (attaches to basal membrane)

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4
Q

what is simple epithelium?

A

one layer of cells

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5
Q

what is stratified epithelium?

A

2 + layers of cells

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6
Q

what is pseudostratified epithelium?

A

multiple layers all in contact w basal lamina

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7
Q

what does squamous mean?

A

cells are flattened

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8
Q

what does cuboidal mean?

A

cells look cube like

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9
Q

what does columnar mean?

A

cells are tall and thin

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10
Q

what are some specialised cells?

A
  • microvilli
  • cillia
  • keratinised
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11
Q

what is the difference between endocrine and exocrine cells?

A

exocrine have ducts and secrete product directly through the duct
endocrine do not have ducts and secrete product into blood stream - distributed by vascular system

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12
Q

what are the types of connective tissue?

A

soft
hard

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13
Q

what are examples of soft CT?

A

tissue
tendons

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14
Q

what is loose CT?

A

loosely packed fibres

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15
Q

what is dense CT?

A

densely packed bundles of collagen fibres

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16
Q

what are the two types of dense CTs?

A

regular - fibres aligned (tendon)
irregular - fibres bundles run in many directions (ligament)

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17
Q

what is an example of hard CT?

A

cartilage

18
Q

what are the 3 types of cartilage?

A
  • hyaline
  • elastic
  • fibrocartilage
19
Q

what are characteristics of cortical bone?

A

dense outer shell, no cavities

20
Q

what are characteristics of trabecular bone?

A

spongy, lots of interconnecting cavities

21
Q

what are osteons?

A

cells that form mature bone

22
Q

what are the two types of extracellular matrix?

A

organic and inorganic

23
Q

what is the organic matrix made of?

A

collagen, glycoproteins

24
Q

what is the inorganic matrix made of?

A

calcium, minerals

25
Q

what is a chondrocyte?

A

metabolically active cell that synthesises and turn over large volumes of ECM

26
Q

how are muscle cells specialised?

A

cytoplasm packed with contractile fibres to generate force by contraction

27
Q

what is the force generated by muscle cells?

A

movement of actin fibres over myosin fibres

28
Q

what are the 3 different types of muscle cells?

A

smooth, cardiac, skeletal

29
Q

what are the characteristics of smooth muscle?

A

involuntary, non-striated

30
Q

what are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A

involuntary, striated
single nucleus at center of fibre
intercalated discs - intracellular junctions for stability

31
Q

what are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?

A

voluntary, striated, multinucleated
peripheral nucleus (not in center)

32
Q

what does nervous tissue consist of?

A

neurons and their supporting glia

33
Q

what does nervous tissue allow for?

A

rapid communication between diff parts of body

34
Q

what are the 3 types of neurons?

A
  1. multipolar
  2. bipolar
  3. psuedounipolar
35
Q

what are the types of glia in the CNS?

A

microglia
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes

36
Q

what is the role of microglia?

A

immune surveillance

37
Q

what is the role of astrocytes?

A

provide support, involved in ion transport

38
Q

what is the role of oligodendrocytes?

A

produce myelin

39
Q

what is the type of glia in the PNS?

A

schwann cells

40
Q

what is the role of schwann cells?

A

produce myelin and support axons

Foundations - Year 1 (7 decks)

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