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Foundations - Year 1 > Anatomy of the cell > Flashcards

Anatomy of the cell Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of the outer membrane in a cell?

A

protects from external environment

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2
Q

what is the role of the cytoskeleton?

A

determines shape and fluidity of cell

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3
Q

where are inclusions found?

A

cytoplasm - may or may not be bound by a membrane

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4
Q

where are membrane bound organelles found?

A

cytosol

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5
Q

describe the plasma membrane.

A
  • bimolecular layer
  • amphipathic phospholipic molecules
  • hydrophillic head
  • hydrophobic tail
  • fluid = change shape easily
  • selectively permeable
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6
Q

what is the difference between integral and peripheral proteins?

A

integral = inserted into membrane
peripheral = on surface of membrane

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7
Q

what does the plasma membrane have the ability to do?

A

endocytose and exocytose

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8
Q

what does endocytose mean?

A

substances are brought into the cell

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9
Q

what does exocytose mean?

A

contents released out of cell

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10
Q

what is the plasma membrane highly permeable to?

A

water, O2 and small hydrophobic molecules

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11
Q

what is the plasma membrane impermeable to?

A

charged ions (Na2+)

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12
Q

what is the difference between organelles and inclusions?

A
  • organelles are essential to life
  • inclusions are dispensable only present as transients
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13
Q

what are the 3 types of filaments make up the cytoskeleton?

A
  • microfilaments
  • intermediate filaments
  • microtubules
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14
Q

what are microfilaments made up of?

A

fine strands of actin

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15
Q

what is the function of intermediate filaments?

A

bind intracellular elements together and to the membrane

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16
Q

what are microtubules composed of?

A

alpha and beta tubulin subunits

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17
Q

what enzymes attach and move along and drag organelles and vesicles along the microtubules?

A

dynein and kinesin

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18
Q

what type of enzymes are dynein and kinesin?

A

ATPase

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19
Q

where does dynein drag molecules?

A

toward cell center

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20
Q

where does kinesin drag molecules?

A

towards periphery of cell

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21
Q

what is the nucleus enclosed in?

A

nuclear envelope

22
Q

what is the function of the nucleus?

A

controls and regulates cellular activities

23
Q

where are mRNA and tRNA transcribed?

A

nucleus

24
Q

where is rRNA transcribed?

A

nucleolus

25
Q

what is the function of the mitochondria?

A

provide energy

26
Q

what is the morphology of the mitochondria?

A

contains folded cisternae to increase surface area

27
Q

where are ribosomes formed?

A

nucleus

28
Q

what is the purpose of the small subunit of a ribosome?

A

bind RNA

29
Q

what is the purpose of the large subunit of a ribosome?

A

catalyses formation of peptide bonds

30
Q

what is the different between RER and SER?

A

RER has ribosomes SER doesn’t

31
Q

what is the role of RER?

A

synthesis of proteins for insertion into membranes for secretion

32
Q

what does it mean if a cell has more RER?

A

it’s more active

33
Q

what is the role SER?

A

synthesis of lipids

34
Q

where do transport vesicles arrive at golgi from?

A

SER/RER

35
Q

what is the basic appearance of golgi apparatus?

A

flattened stacs

36
Q

what is the role of golgi apparatus?

A

modification and packaging or macromolecules that were synthesised in ER

37
Q

what are 3 examples of what golgi cisternae does?

A
  • adds sugars
  • cleaves some proteins
  • sorts macromolecules into vesicles
38
Q

what is the role of mitochondria?

A

generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation and synthesis of lipase proteins

39
Q

what is the role of intercellular junctions?

A

link individual cells together into a functional unit

40
Q

what is the tole of occluding junctions?

A

link cells to form a diffusion barrier (prevent things passing through)

41
Q

what is the role of anchoring/adherent junctions?

A

link submembrane actin bundles of adjacent cells

42
Q

what is the role of desmosomes?

A

link submembrane intermediate filaments of adjacent cells

43
Q

what is the role of communicating junctions?

A

selective diffusion, in cardiac for spread of excitation

44
Q

how is bacteria incorporated into a cell?

A

phagocytosis

45
Q

what is the role of the cytoskeleton?

A

to help maintain cell shape

46
Q

what are microfilaments involved in?

A

cellular movement

47
Q

what are microtubules involved in?

A

intracellular movement - cillia, flagela, mitotic spindle

48
Q

how does phagocytosis occur?

A
  • bacteria binds to cell surface
  • cell engulfs it to form phagosome
  • binds with lyosome to form phagolysosome
  • lysosome contains digestive enzymes
49
Q

what are the 3 types of cellular transport?

A
  • endocytosis
  • exocytosis
  • phagocytosis
50
Q

what does endocytosis mean?

A

material from external environment can enter the cell

51
Q

what does exocytosis mean?

A

material from inside cell can exit cell

52
Q

what does the cytoskletons ability to maintain integrity and keep cell shape mean?

A

cell locomotion and contraction

Foundations - Year 1 (7 decks)

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