Organisation - Enzyme and Digestion 50-51 Flashcards

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1
Q

what do digestive enzymes break down and why
2 points

A

1) big molecules
2) they’re too big to pass through the walls of the digestive system to enzymes break these molecules into smaller ones

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2
Q

what are some big molecules
3 points

A

1) starch
2) proteins
3) fats

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3
Q

what are some smaller molecules
4 points

A

1) sugars
2) amino acids
3) glycerol
4) fatty acids

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4
Q

what can the smaller molecules do that the bigger ones can’t
2 points

A

1) they are smaller and soluble so can easily pass through the walls of the digestive system
2) allowing them to be absorbed into the bloodstream

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5
Q

what does carbohydrases do

A

they convert carbohydrates into simple sugars

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6
Q

what is amylase an example of

A

an example of a carbohydrase

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7
Q

where is amylase made
3 points

A

1) the salivary glands
2) the pancreas
3) the small intestine

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8
Q

what is starch

A

a carbohydrate

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9
Q

what does amylase break down and what does that make
2 points

A

1) it breaks down starch
2) which makes maltose and other sugars

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10
Q

what do proteases break down and what does this break down into
2 points

A

1) it breaks down proteins
2) into amino acids

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11
Q

where is protease made
3 points

A

1) the stomach (it’s called pepsin there)
2) the pancreas
3) the small intestine

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12
Q

what are lipids

A

they are fats and oils

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13
Q

what does lipase break down and what does this break down into
2 points

A

1) it breaks down lipids
2) into glycerol and fatty acids

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14
Q

where are lipases made
2 points

A

1) the pancreas
2) the small intestine

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15
Q

what can the products of digestion be used for
2 points

A

1) to make new carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
2) some of the glucose that’s made is used in respiration

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16
Q

where is bile produced

A

in the liver

17
Q

where is bile stored

A

in the gall bladder

18
Q

where is bile released

A

into the small intestine

19
Q

what does bile do
3 points

A

1) it neutralises the stomach acids and emulsifies fat
2) the hydrochloric acid in the stomach makes the stomach too acidic for enzymes in the small intestine to work properly
3) bile is alkaline so it neutralises the acid and makes conditions alkaline

20
Q

how does bile neutralise stomach acid
3 points

A

1) the hydrochloric acid in the stomach makes the stomach too acidic for enzymes in the small intestine to work properly
2) bile is alkaline so it neutralises the acid and makes conditions alkaline
3) enzymes in the small intestine work best in alkaline conditions

21
Q

why does bile emulsify fat
3 points

A

1) it breaks the fat into tiny droplets
2) this gives a much bigger surface area of fat for the enzyme lipase to work on
3) which makes digestion faster

22
Q

what are the parts of the digestive system
9 points

A

1) the mouth and salivary glands
2) the gullet/ oesophagus
3) the liver
4) the stomach
5) the gall bladder
6) the pancreas
7) the small intestine
8) the large intestine
9) the rectum

23
Q

what does the salivary glands do in the digestive system

A

Your salivary glands make saliva, a digestive juice, which moistens food so it moves more easily through your oesophagus into your stomach

24
Q

what does the stomach do in the digestive system
3 points

A

1) it pummels the food with its muscular walls
2) it produces the protease enzyme, pepsin
3) it produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give the right pH for the protease enzyme to work (pH 2)

24
Q

what does the liver do in the digestive system

A

this is where bile is produced which neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fat

25
Q

what does the gall bladder do in the digestive system

A

this is where bile is stores before it’s released into the small intestine

26
Q

what does the pancreas do in the digestive system
2 points

A

1) it produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes
2) it releases these into the small intestine

27
Q

what does the small intestine do in the digestive system
2 points

A

1) it produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion
2) digested nutrients are absorbed into the blood

28
Q

what does the large intestine do in the digestive system

A

where excess water is absorbed from the food

29
Q

what does the rectum do in the digestive system

A

where the faeces (made up of indigestible food) are stored before being released from the anus