Organisation - Enzyme and Digestion 50-51 Flashcards
what do digestive enzymes break down and why
2 points
1) big molecules
2) they’re too big to pass through the walls of the digestive system to enzymes break these molecules into smaller ones
what are some big molecules
3 points
1) starch
2) proteins
3) fats
what are some smaller molecules
4 points
1) sugars
2) amino acids
3) glycerol
4) fatty acids
what can the smaller molecules do that the bigger ones can’t
2 points
1) they are smaller and soluble so can easily pass through the walls of the digestive system
2) allowing them to be absorbed into the bloodstream
what does carbohydrases do
they convert carbohydrates into simple sugars
what is amylase an example of
an example of a carbohydrase
where is amylase made
3 points
1) the salivary glands
2) the pancreas
3) the small intestine
what is starch
a carbohydrate
what does amylase break down and what does that make
2 points
1) it breaks down starch
2) which makes maltose and other sugars
what do proteases break down and what does this break down into
2 points
1) it breaks down proteins
2) into amino acids
where is protease made
3 points
1) the stomach (it’s called pepsin there)
2) the pancreas
3) the small intestine
what are lipids
they are fats and oils
what does lipase break down and what does this break down into
2 points
1) it breaks down lipids
2) into glycerol and fatty acids
where are lipases made
2 points
1) the pancreas
2) the small intestine
what can the products of digestion be used for
2 points
1) to make new carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
2) some of the glucose that’s made is used in respiration
where is bile produced
in the liver
where is bile stored
in the gall bladder
where is bile released
into the small intestine
what does bile do
3 points
1) it neutralises the stomach acids and emulsifies fat
2) the hydrochloric acid in the stomach makes the stomach too acidic for enzymes in the small intestine to work properly
3) bile is alkaline so it neutralises the acid and makes conditions alkaline
how does bile neutralise stomach acid
3 points
1) the hydrochloric acid in the stomach makes the stomach too acidic for enzymes in the small intestine to work properly
2) bile is alkaline so it neutralises the acid and makes conditions alkaline
3) enzymes in the small intestine work best in alkaline conditions
why does bile emulsify fat
3 points
1) it breaks the fat into tiny droplets
2) this gives a much bigger surface area of fat for the enzyme lipase to work on
3) which makes digestion faster
what are the parts of the digestive system
9 points
1) the mouth and salivary glands
2) the gullet/ oesophagus
3) the liver
4) the stomach
5) the gall bladder
6) the pancreas
7) the small intestine
8) the large intestine
9) the rectum
what does the salivary glands do in the digestive system
Your salivary glands make saliva, a digestive juice, which moistens food so it moves more easily through your oesophagus into your stomach
what does the stomach do in the digestive system
3 points
1) it pummels the food with its muscular walls
2) it produces the protease enzyme, pepsin
3) it produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give the right pH for the protease enzyme to work (pH 2)
what does the liver do in the digestive system
this is where bile is produced which neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fat
what does the gall bladder do in the digestive system
this is where bile is stores before it’s released into the small intestine
what does the pancreas do in the digestive system
2 points
1) it produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes
2) it releases these into the small intestine
what does the small intestine do in the digestive system
2 points
1) it produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion
2) digested nutrients are absorbed into the blood
what does the large intestine do in the digestive system
where excess water is absorbed from the food
what does the rectum do in the digestive system
where the faeces (made up of indigestible food) are stored before being released from the anus
