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Biology: > Organisation-Blood + Heart + Lungs > Flashcards

Organisation-Blood + Heart + Lungs Flashcards

Blood, Heart, Blood vessels, Heart disease, Heart treatment, Lungs, Health, Diseases, Cancer

1
Q

What is the heart?

A

> Organ pumps blood around body to working muscles through blood vessels

> 4 Chambers

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2
Q

What is a double circulatory system?

A

> Passes heart ×2

> 2× cycle

> Large organisms

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3
Q

What is single circulatory system?

A

> Paases heart once

> Heart beat ×1

> One circuit

> Smaller organisms

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4
Q

What is the blood?

A

Liquid tissue that transports oxygen and to muscles and takes away C02

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5
Q

What makes up the blood?

A

Platelets

Plasma

White + Red blood cells

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6
Q

What are platelets?

A

Clots blood to prevent blood loss

Form scab

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7
Q

What is plasma?

A

Contains dissolved substances

Transports hormones, oxygen + dissolved waste

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8
Q

What are red blood cells?

A

Contain haemoglobin which carry oxygen

No nucleus = more oxygen space

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9
Q

What are white blood cells?

A

Produce antibodies / antitoxins to fight disease

Antibodies break down pathogens

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10
Q

Types of red blood vessels? (3)

A

Veins

Capillaries

Arteries

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11
Q

What is an artery?

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from heart to muscles

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12
Q

Characteristics of artery?

A

Muscle layer = thick

Elastic layer = thick

Lumen = narrow

Blood pressure = high

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13
Q

What is a vein?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood to heart

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14
Q

Characteristics of a vein?

A

Has VALVES -> Stop blood backflow

Muscle layer = Thin

Elastic layer = Thin

Lume = Large

BP = Low

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15
Q

What is a capillary?

A

Microscopic vessels that form capillary network around organs

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16
Q

Characteristics of capillaries?

A

Lumen= narrow

BP = LOW

No Muscle / Elastic layer

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17
Q

What is the coronary artery?

A

Supplies heart with 02

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18
Q

What causes coronary heart disease?

A

Layers of fatty material build up inside artery

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19
Q

What happens due to coronary heart disease?

A

> Less / restricted blood flow

> Less 02 + glucose to heart

> Less energy due to Less respiration

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20
Q

What is a faulty heart valve?

A

Valve that allows blood to pass through heart can’t fully open

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21
Q

What happens due to faulty heart valve?

A

> Heart valve might develop leaks

> Backflow of blood

> Cause clots

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22
Q

What is a statin?

A

Lowers blood cholesterol

+ Allow blood flow

  • Drugs needed
23
Q

What is a stent?

A

Widens arteries

+ Less fat build up + More blood flow

  • Artery damage
24
Q

What is an artificial valve?

A

Replaces damaged heart valve

+ Strong + durable

  • Need replacement
25
What is a transplant?
Donor heart transferred to patient + long term + well known = Few risks - Few donors = Long wait
26
What is a pacemaker?
Regulates heart beat + Well known = Less risk + General anaesthetic = Increase survival - Limited use = unknown side effects - Blood clots
27
What is an artificial heart?
Temporarily replaced heart (metal) + Keep patient alive - Limited use = unknown side effects - Blood clots
28
What are the Lungs?
One of largest organs + Part of respiratory system
29
What is breathing known as?
Ventilation
30
Why must air move in and out of lungs constantly?
Allow 02 to diffuse into blood / muscles (respiration) Remove CO2 (Toxic)
31
What is ventilation?
PHYSICAL PROCESS of moving air in + out lungs
32
What is respiration?
CHEMICAL reaction Glucose + Oxygen->Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
33
What is process for breathing o2 into lungs?
Inhale Process
34
What is process of moving C02 out of body?
Expire Process
35
Describe the Inhale Process?
``` 1 Ribs pull up + out 2 volume of chest increases 3 Diaphragm contracts 4 Volume in chest increases 5 Increased volume = Decrease pressure 6 Pressure in chest = less than atmospheric pressure 7 Air moves into lungs = INFLATE ```
36
Describe Expire process?
1 Ribs move down + In 2 Decrease chest volume 3 Diaphragm relaxes 4 Decrease chest volume = Increased pressure 5 Pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure 6 Air is forced out lungs 7 Lungs deflate
37
What are the alveoli?
Where lungs and blood exchange CO2 + O2
38
How are lungs adapted?
Thin cells = short diffusion pathway Millions of alveoli = Large SA Close to blood = Concentration gradient present
39
Define health?
State of physical + mental well being
40
What is a risk factor?
Any factor that increases chances of developing a disease
41
What risks increase cardio vascukat disease?
Smoking No exercise Fatty diet
42
What risks increase Type 2 Obesity?
Poor diet Little exercise
43
What risks increase Brian Damage?
Alcohol = kills brain cells
44
What risks cause Liver failure?
Alcohol = kills liver cells + scars tissue
45
What risks increase Lung Disease?
Smoking = kills alveoli + stops them from expanding
46
What risks increase cancer?
Carcinogens = Toxic + kills cells Radiation = Releases ions -> kills cells
47
What is cancer?
A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth
48
How is cancer caused?
Uncontrolled cell growth
49
What happens in cancerous cells?
Mitosis occurs CONTINUOUSLY/ TOO QUICKLY
50
What happens when cells divide TOO QUICKLY?
Forms a tumor
51
What is a Tumor?
Mass of cancerous cells Rapidly dividing cells
52
What is a Malignant tumor?
Invade neighbouring healthy tissue Cells travel in blood Destroy organs + tissues CANCEROUS + BADDDD
53
What is a benign tumor?
Tumor stays in one place Inside a membrane Grow large + quickly Cause pressure / damage organs NOT CANCEROUS
54
Which is the most dangerous tumor?
Malignant -> form secondary tumors

Biology: (8 decks)

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