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Biology: > Organisation-Blood + Heart + Lungs > Flashcards

Organisation-Blood + Heart + Lungs Flashcards

Blood, Heart, Blood vessels, Heart disease, Heart treatment, Lungs, Health, Diseases, Cancer

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the heart?

A

> Organ pumps blood around body to working muscles through blood vessels

> 4 Chambers

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2
Q

What is a double circulatory system?

A

> Passes heart ×2

> 2× cycle

> Large organisms

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3
Q

What is single circulatory system?

A

> Paases heart once

> Heart beat ×1

> One circuit

> Smaller organisms

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4
Q

What is the blood?

A

Liquid tissue that transports oxygen and to muscles and takes away C02

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5
Q

What makes up the blood?

A

Platelets

Plasma

White + Red blood cells

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6
Q

What are platelets?

A

Clots blood to prevent blood loss

Form scab

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7
Q

What is plasma?

A

Contains dissolved substances

Transports hormones, oxygen + dissolved waste

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8
Q

What are red blood cells?

A

Contain haemoglobin which carry oxygen

No nucleus = more oxygen space

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9
Q

What are white blood cells?

A

Produce antibodies / antitoxins to fight disease

Antibodies break down pathogens

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10
Q

Types of red blood vessels? (3)

A

Veins

Capillaries

Arteries

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11
Q

What is an artery?

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from heart to muscles

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12
Q

Characteristics of artery?

A

Muscle layer = thick

Elastic layer = thick

Lumen = narrow

Blood pressure = high

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13
Q

What is a vein?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood to heart

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14
Q

Characteristics of a vein?

A

Has VALVES -> Stop blood backflow

Muscle layer = Thin

Elastic layer = Thin

Lume = Large

BP = Low

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15
Q

What is a capillary?

A

Microscopic vessels that form capillary network around organs

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16
Q

Characteristics of capillaries?

A

Lumen= narrow

BP = LOW

No Muscle / Elastic layer

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17
Q

What is the coronary artery?

A

Supplies heart with 02

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18
Q

What causes coronary heart disease?

A

Layers of fatty material build up inside artery

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19
Q

What happens due to coronary heart disease?

A

> Less / restricted blood flow

> Less 02 + glucose to heart

> Less energy due to Less respiration

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20
Q

What is a faulty heart valve?

A

Valve that allows blood to pass through heart can’t fully open

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21
Q

What happens due to faulty heart valve?

A

> Heart valve might develop leaks

> Backflow of blood

> Cause clots

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22
Q

What is a statin?

A

Lowers blood cholesterol

+ Allow blood flow

  • Drugs needed
23
Q

What is a stent?

A

Widens arteries

+ Less fat build up + More blood flow

  • Artery damage
24
Q

What is an artificial valve?

A

Replaces damaged heart valve

+ Strong + durable

  • Need replacement
25
Q

What is a transplant?

A

Donor heart transferred to patient

+ long term + well known = Few risks

  • Few donors = Long wait
26
Q

What is a pacemaker?

A

Regulates heart beat

+ Well known = Less risk
+ General anaesthetic = Increase survival

  • Limited use = unknown side effects
  • Blood clots
27
Q

What is an artificial heart?

A

Temporarily replaced heart (metal)

+ Keep patient alive

  • Limited use = unknown side effects
  • Blood clots
28
Q

What are the Lungs?

A

One of largest organs + Part of respiratory system

29
Q

What is breathing known as?

A

Ventilation

30
Q

Why must air move in and out of lungs constantly?

A

Allow 02 to diffuse into blood / muscles (respiration)

Remove CO2 (Toxic)

31
Q

What is ventilation?

A

PHYSICAL PROCESS of moving air in + out lungs

32
Q

What is respiration?

A

CHEMICAL reaction

Glucose + Oxygen->Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

33
Q

What is process for breathing o2 into lungs?

A

Inhale Process

34
Q

What is process of moving C02 out of body?

A

Expire Process

35
Q

Describe the Inhale Process?

A 
1 Ribs pull up + out
2 volume of chest increases
3 Diaphragm contracts 
4 Volume in chest increases
5 Increased volume = Decrease pressure
6 Pressure in chest = less than atmospheric pressure 
7 Air moves into lungs = INFLATE
36
Q

Describe Expire process?

A

1 Ribs move down + In
2 Decrease chest volume
3 Diaphragm relaxes
4 Decrease chest volume = Increased pressure
5 Pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure
6 Air is forced out lungs
7 Lungs deflate

37
Q

What are the alveoli?

A

Where lungs and blood exchange CO2 + O2

38
Q

How are lungs adapted?

A

Thin cells = short diffusion pathway

Millions of alveoli = Large SA

Close to blood = Concentration gradient present

39
Q

Define health?

A

State of physical + mental well being

40
Q

What is a risk factor?

A

Any factor that increases chances of developing a disease

41
Q

What risks increase cardio vascukat disease?

A

Smoking

No exercise

Fatty diet

42
Q

What risks increase Type 2 Obesity?

A

Poor diet

Little exercise

43
Q

What risks increase Brian Damage?

A

Alcohol = kills brain cells

44
Q

What risks cause Liver failure?

A

Alcohol = kills liver cells + scars tissue

45
Q

What risks increase Lung Disease?

A

Smoking = kills alveoli + stops them from expanding

46
Q

What risks increase cancer?

A

Carcinogens = Toxic + kills cells

Radiation = Releases ions -> kills cells

47
Q

What is cancer?

A

A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth

48
Q

How is cancer caused?

A

Uncontrolled cell growth

49
Q

What happens in cancerous cells?

A

Mitosis occurs CONTINUOUSLY/ TOO QUICKLY

50
Q

What happens when cells divide TOO QUICKLY?

A

Forms a tumor

51
Q

What is a Tumor?

A

Mass of cancerous cells

Rapidly dividing cells

52
Q

What is a Malignant tumor?

A

Invade neighbouring healthy tissue

Cells travel in blood

Destroy organs + tissues

CANCEROUS + BADDDD

53
Q

What is a benign tumor?

A

Tumor stays in one place

Inside a membrane

Grow large + quickly

Cause pressure / damage organs

NOT CANCEROUS

54
Q

Which is the most dangerous tumor?

A

Malignant -> form secondary tumors

Biology: (8 decks)

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