Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology: > Homeostasis: Endocrine System In Humans > Flashcards

Homeostasis: Endocrine System In Humans Flashcards

Endocrine system, hormones and glands, osmoregulation, negative response

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintaining a constant internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Hormones/chemicals released from glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are hormones?

A

> Chemical messegers

> Secreted from glands

> Travel from gland to target organ via bloodstream

》》estrogen
》》adrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Master gland= release certain hormones which stimulate release of other hormones

》ADH
》TSH
》Growth hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adrenal

A

Secretes ADRENALINE

=Prepares body for physical activity or stressful situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Testes

A

Secretes TESTOSTERONE

= Controls development of male secondary sexual characteristics + involved in production of sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ovaries

A

Secretes OESTROGEN

=Controls development of female secondary sexual characteristics + involved in menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thyroid

A

Secretes THYROXINE

=Controls metabolic rate of body
How fast food broken down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pancreas

A

Secretes INSULIN + GLYGOCEN

=Controls blood glucose levels
How much sugar in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is osmoregulation?

A

Control of water levels + mineral ions (salt) in blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is water lost from body?

A

> Sweating

> Breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which organ controls osmoregulation?

A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do kidneys produce urine?

A

> Filtration of blood

> Selective reabsorption of useful substances:
》ALL glucose
》SOME salt ions
》SOME water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why are PROTEINS + GLUCOSE present in bloodstream but NOT urine?

A

Protein= molecules are TOO BIG to fit through kidney capillaries so continue in bloodstream.

Glucose= SELECTIVELY REABSORBED by kidneys to be used for respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Filtration + Selective Reabsorbtion in kidneys:

A

1- Blood passes through NEPHRON

2- Blood under HIGH PRESSURE- small molecules filtered out

3- Small mols pass into nephron tubule

4- Large mol (proteins) stay in blood- TOO BIG to fit through capillaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does ADH control?

Anti-diuretic hormone

A

Amount of water reabsorbed by kidneys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens to volume of urine when ADH is secreted?

A

> Causes more water to be reabsorbed into bloodstream via osmosis.

> Low volume of urine

> Urine= more concentrated

18
Q

What is ADH?

A

> Secreted from PITUITARY GLAND

> Makes membrane of kidney tubules more PERMEABLE

19
Q

What happens when water levels= TOO LOW?

A

1- Hypothalamus detects little water in blood

2- Pituitary gland SECRETES ADH into blood.

3- Walls of kidneys become MORE PERMEABLE

4- MORE water return to blood via OSMOSIS

5- LESS water= concentrated urine

6- Water levels= return to normal (negative feedback)

20
Q

What is dialysis?

A

> Machine procedure

> Removes waste products, excess ions + water.

> Concentration of dissolved substances in blood return to normal- using a machine.

21
Q

Advantages of Dialysis?

A

> Help kidneys function

> Prolongs life before transplant

22
Q

Disadvantages of Dialysis?

A

> Continuous Long process

> Controlled diet required

> Concentrations of substances in blood difficult to stabilise

> Risk of infection

> Risk to cause damage to tissues

23
Q

Kidney Transplant Advantages?

A

> No more diet restrictions

> Live fuller life

> Longer term

24
Q

Kidney transplant Disadvantages?

A

> Not enough donors

> Organ rejection

> Major surgery

25
Q

How is urea made?

A

> Digestion of proteins = excess amino acids

> Liver- amino acids= ammonia by deanimation

> Ammonia= toxic - needs to be secreted as urea

26
Q

What organ controls blood glucose?

A

Pancreas

27
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Allows glucose to move from blood into cells and store as glycogen

28
Q

What is glucagon?

A

A hormone that stimulates liver to break down glycogen->glucose

29
Q

What is Glycogen?

A

Storage carbohydrate found in liver + muscles

30
Q

What happens after eating?

A

1- Pancreas produces Insulin

2- Glucose in blood -> cells

3- soluble glucose -> glycogen (insoluble carbohydrate)

4- Insulin controls storage of glycogen

5- Stored glycogen converted back to glucose

6- Blood glucose = stable

31
Q

What happens to excess glucose?

A

Turns into LIPIDS (fats)

=OBESITY

32
Q

What happens when there is low concentration of glucose in blood?

A

Release GLUCAGON

1- Breaks down glycogen -> glucose

2- Glucose released into BLOODSTREAM

33
Q

What is diabetes?

A

Blood glucose levels remain too high

34
Q

What is Type 1 Diabetes?

A

Blood glucose rises TOO HIGH -> pancreas doesn’t produce ENOUGH insulin.

> Treated by Insulin Injections

35
Q

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

A

Body stops responding to Insulin

Obesity

36
Q

What is Thyroxine?

A

Secreted by THYROID -> uses IODINE (diet) to produce

> Controls BMR

37
Q

What hormone controls Thyroxine production?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

THS

38
Q

What happens when Thyroxine levels change?

A

Too HIGH = Pituitary gland REDUCES TSH production

Too LOW = Pituitary gland INCREASES TSH Production

(CONTROLLED BY NEGATIVE FEEDBACK)

39
Q

What gland produces adrenaline?

A

Adrenal

40
Q

What happens when adrenaline is not needed?

A

Adrenal glands STOP releasing adrenaline
= Return to resting levels

(NO NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP)

41
Q

What is Negative Feedback System?

A

Maintains a steady state and works to restore original levels

Biology: (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions