Homeostasis And Response Flashcards
Nervous response, Hormonal Response, Thermoregulation, Feedback loops, Hormones, Osmoregulation, Diabetes, Brain, Neurones, Endocrine system, Nervous system.
What is Homeostasis?
Maintaining a constant internal environment.
What’s a stimuli?
Change in internal/external environment.
What is a receptor?
Cells that detect a stimuli.
(Sense organ)
> skin
nose
eyes
Function of coordination Centre?
Decides how to respond to stimuli.
> spinal chord
hypothalamus (brain)
Function of Effector?
Causes a response.
>nervous= muscle >endocrine= gland
What is a response?
Returns body or cell back to normal.
How does the body respond to internal/external changes?
Endocrine system
Nervous system
What is a neuron?
Nerve cells which are adapted to carry electrical impulses from one place to another.
What is a reflex?
Involuntary response to a stimuli
> breathing, digestion and dropping hot pan
Importance of a reflex? (Unconscious response)
- Safety mechanism/protective
- Quick
- Unconscious=doesn’t require thought
- Innate= not learnt
- Prevent overloading in brain
What is a reflex arc?
Nerve pathway that bypasses conscious part of the brain.
Sensory neurone?
Sends electrical messages from receptor to relay neurone.
Relay neurone?
Passes an electrical message from sensory neurone to motor neurone.
Motor neurone?
Sends electrical messages to effector (muscle) to cause a response.
> muscle contracts to move hand away from stimuli
What is the synapse?
Microscopic gap between end of 2 neurons where chemical messengers (neurotransmitter) travel across.
What is a neurotransmitter?
Chemicals which help to pass nerve impulses from one nerve cell to the next across across synapse.
What is the synapse process?
1- An electrical message causes a neurotransmitter to move to the membrane of the sensory neurone.
2- Neutransmitters released into synapse
3- They diffuse across synapse.
4- Neurotransmitters bind with specific receptors of membrane of next neurone.
5- Stimulates posy synaptic neurone to transmit electrical impulse.
What are nerve cells?
> Specialised cells adapted to rapidly carry electrical impulses.
> Carry information over large distances
> One of longest cells in body.
What is the brain?
> Organ which controls complex behaviours.
> Made from billions of interconnected neurones.
> 4 Regions
> Involved in hormonal and reflex response
What is cerebral cortex? Function?
Brain
Outer layer of main sections of brain and responsible for more complex activities.
> Consciousness, language, intelligence + memory
What is the cerebellum? Function?
Brain
Located at bottom of brain
> Muscular activities= balance
What is the medulla? Function?
Brain
Located at bottom of brain
Responsible for unconscious activities
> Heart rate, breathing + digestion
What is thermoregulation?
Process that allows body to maintain its core internal temperature.
> 36.5°C
How is theemoregulation controlled?
Monitored and controlled by hypothalamus in brain.
HYPOTHALAMUS:
Contains temperature receptors which detect deviations in blood temp.
What is the nervous system?
Central nervous system= brain + spinal chord
Peripheral nervous system= nerve cells which carry electrical impulses to or from CNS.
> Messages travel in nerves (neurones)
> Fast response
> Short lasting
