Homeostasis And Response Flashcards

Nervous response, Hormonal Response, Thermoregulation, Feedback loops, Hormones, Osmoregulation, Diabetes, Brain, Neurones, Endocrine system, Nervous system.

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1
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

Maintaining a constant internal environment.

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2
Q

What’s a stimuli?

A

Change in internal/external environment.

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3
Q

What is a receptor?

A

Cells that detect a stimuli.

(Sense organ)

> skin
nose
eyes

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4
Q

Function of coordination Centre?

A

Decides how to respond to stimuli.

> spinal chord
hypothalamus (brain)

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5
Q

Function of Effector?

A

Causes a response.

>nervous= muscle
>endocrine= gland
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6
Q

What is a response?

A

Returns body or cell back to normal.

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7
Q

How does the body respond to internal/external changes?

A

Endocrine system

Nervous system

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8
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Nerve cells which are adapted to carry electrical impulses from one place to another.

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9
Q

What is a reflex?

A

Involuntary response to a stimuli

> breathing, digestion and dropping hot pan

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10
Q

Importance of a reflex? (Unconscious response)

A
  • Safety mechanism/protective
  • Quick
  • Unconscious=doesn’t require thought
  • Innate= not learnt
  • Prevent overloading in brain
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11
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

Nerve pathway that bypasses conscious part of the brain.

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12
Q

Sensory neurone?

A

Sends electrical messages from receptor to relay neurone.

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13
Q

Relay neurone?

A

Passes an electrical message from sensory neurone to motor neurone.

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14
Q

Motor neurone?

A

Sends electrical messages to effector (muscle) to cause a response.

> muscle contracts to move hand away from stimuli

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15
Q

What is the synapse?

A

Microscopic gap between end of 2 neurons where chemical messengers (neurotransmitter) travel across.

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16
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

Chemicals which help to pass nerve impulses from one nerve cell to the next across across synapse.

17
Q

What is the synapse process?

A

1- An electrical message causes a neurotransmitter to move to the membrane of the sensory neurone.

2- Neutransmitters released into synapse

3- They diffuse across synapse.

4- Neurotransmitters bind with specific receptors of membrane of next neurone.

5- Stimulates posy synaptic neurone to transmit electrical impulse.

18
Q

What are nerve cells?

A

> Specialised cells adapted to rapidly carry electrical impulses.

> Carry information over large distances

> One of longest cells in body.

19
Q

What is the brain?

A

> Organ which controls complex behaviours.

> Made from billions of interconnected neurones.

> 4 Regions

> Involved in hormonal and reflex response

20
Q

What is cerebral cortex? Function?

Brain

A

Outer layer of main sections of brain and responsible for more complex activities.

> Consciousness, language, intelligence + memory

21
Q

What is the cerebellum? Function?

Brain

A

Located at bottom of brain

> Muscular activities= balance

22
Q

What is the medulla? Function?

Brain

A

Located at bottom of brain

Responsible for unconscious activities

> Heart rate, breathing + digestion

23
Q

What is thermoregulation?

A

Process that allows body to maintain its core internal temperature.

> 36.5°C

24
Q

How is theemoregulation controlled?

A

Monitored and controlled by hypothalamus in brain.

HYPOTHALAMUS:

Contains temperature receptors which detect deviations in blood temp.

25
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system= brain + spinal chord

Peripheral nervous system= nerve cells which carry electrical impulses to or from CNS.

> Messages travel in nerves (neurones)

> Fast response

> Short lasting