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Year 10 > organisation > Flashcards

organisation Flashcards

1
Q

what is a cell

A

basic units of life

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2
Q

what is a tissue

A

group of cells that work together to perform a particular function

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3
Q

what is an organ

A

a group of different tissues that work together to perform a particular function

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4
Q

what is an organ system

A

a group of organs that work together to perform a particular function

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5
Q

what is an organism

A

a group of organ systems that work together to perform a particular function

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6
Q

what is digestion

A

breaking down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules with the aid of an enzyme so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream

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7
Q

what are the types of tissue in the stomach and explain

A

glandular tissues - produces hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes
muscle tissue- contract and relax to mix and propel food through the stomach
epithelial tissue- helps to protect the stomach lining from the harsh acidic environment

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8
Q

explain the process of digestion

A
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9
Q

what are enzymes

A

protein molecules that act as biological catalysts

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10
Q

what are the types of enzymes

A

amylase, protease, lipase

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11
Q

what does amylase break down and the product after

A

starch into simple sugars

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12
Q

what does protease break down and the product after

A

proteins into amino acids

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13
Q

what does lipase break down and the after product

A

lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

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14
Q

where is the amylase produced and where does it work

A

produced- saliva, pancreas, small intestine.
works in- mouth, small intestine

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15
Q

where is the protease produced and where does it work

A

produced- stomach, pancreas, small intestine
works in - stomach, small intestine

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16
Q

where is the lipase produced and where does it work

A

produced- pancreas, small intestine
works in small intestine

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17
Q

what is the active site

A

this is where the substrate attaches to

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18
Q

what is a substrate

A

molecule the enzyme breaks down

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19
Q

describe the lock and key theory

A

enzymes are specific and the substrate must fit perfectly into the active site and they have to be complementary

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20
Q

where is bile made and where is it stored

A

made- liver
stored- gallbladder

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21
Q

what is the role of bile

A

neutralise stomach acid, emulsifies lipids

22
Q

what is the effect of temperature on enzymes

A

as we increase the temperature, enzyme activity increases but if the temperature is increased past the optimum temp, enzyme activity rapidly drops to zero and active site is denatured.

23
Q

how does ph affect enzyme activity

A

if conditions are too acidic or alkaline, enzyme activity drops to zero and active site denatures

24
Q

what do you use to test for starch and what is the positive test

A

iodine
positive test- blue/black

25
Q

what do you use to test for simple sugars and what is the positive test

A

benedicts
positive test- green(small sugar)
yellow(more sugar)
red(lots of sugar)

26
Q

what do you use to test for proteins and what is the positive test

A

biurett
positive test- purple/lilac

27
Q

what do you use to test for lipids and what is the positive test

A

Sudan III
positive test- mixture will seperate in two layers. top layer will be be bright red

28
Q

what is blood

A

a tissue that transports substances around the body

29
Q

what are the four components of the blood

A

white blood cell, red blood cell, plasma, platelets

30
Q

what do white blood cells do

A

they can defend against pathogens and have a nucleus
. they can engulf microorganisms and digest them
. produce antibodies
. produce antitoxins

31
Q

what are red blood cells and features

A

transport oxygen around the body. has haemoglobin which carries or binds with oxygen (oxy haemoglobin) . biconcave shape to give them a large surface area for absorbing oxygen

32
Q

what is plasma

A

liquid part of the blood that carries everything

33
Q

what are platelets

A

small fragments of cells that help the blood to clot and prevents excessive bruising and bleeding

34
Q

what is the heart

A

an organ that pumps blood around the body

35
Q

what are the four chambers of the heart

A

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

36
Q

what is the role of the vein and it’s features

A

carry blood to the heart. wide lumen, thin walls, valves, low blood pressure, valves, less connective tissues

37
Q

what is the role of the arteries and it’s features

A

carry blood away from the heart.
high pressure, thick walls, thick layers of elastic tissue, narrow lumen, connective tissue

38
Q

what is the role of capillaries

A

exchange substances with cells, one cell thick, short diffusion path

39
Q

describe the blood pathway

A

way of blood through the heart
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart via thevena cava, emptying into the right atrium
Blood flows down through a set of valves into the right ventricle. When the ventricles contract, blood travels up through thepulmonary arteryto the nearby lungs wheregas exchangeoccurs (and the blood becomes oxygenated. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via thepulmonary vein, emptying into the left atrium. Blood flows down through a set of valves into the left ventricle. When the ventricles contract, blood travels up through theaorta,and to the rest of the body

40
Q

why is the left ventricle thicker than the right

A

it pumps blood at high pressure around the body.

41
Q

what is the role of the valves

A

to prevent the backflow of the blood.

42
Q

what is the pacemaker

A

a group of cells found in the right atrium that regulates heart rate.

43
Q

what are cardiovascular diseases

A

diseases of the heart and blood vessels

44
Q

what are the coronary arteries

A

supply oxygen to the heart muscle

45
Q

briefly describe coronary heart disease

A

build up of fat in the coronary arteries which narrows the lumen and restricts blood flow through the arteries resulting in lack of oxygen to the heart muscle

46
Q

what are communicable diseases

A

they can spread from one person to another

47
Q

what are non communicable disease

A

they cannot spread from one person to another

48
Q

mention two treatments for coronary heart disease

A

statins and stents

49
Q

what are statins and give pros and cons

A

drugs that lower your (bad) cholestrol. you have to take it for the rest of your life. side effects like liver probelms,

50
Q

what are stents and give pros and cons

A

a wire mesh inserted into your arteries to widen the lumen and open it up. doesn’t treat the root cause of the problem. risk of blood clots. improved blood flow

51
Q

what are the role of valves

A

to prevent the backflow of blood

52
Q
A

is

Year 10 (7 decks)

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