bioenergetics Flashcards
what is photosynthesis, including the process
process by which plants make their own food.
carbondioxide diffuses into leaf via stomata, water in the soil is absorbed from the roots through the xylem and then the chlorophyll absorbs light energy.
the CO2 and water are converted into glucose and oxygen.
word equation for photosynthesis
carbondioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
symbol equation for photosynthesis
6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2
what are some uses of glucose
to release energy in respiration
to produce amino acids to make proteins
to produce starch as an insoluble storage molecule
to produce fats and oil as a insoluble storage molecule
makes the cellulose- build cell wall
what type of reaction is photosynthesis
endothermic
what has to happen for plants to make amino acids
they need absorb nitrate ions from soil
where photosynthesis take place in the plant
chloroplasts- palisade mesophyll
when does photosynthesis take place
in the day - light
when does respiration take place in a plant
day and night
pros of fats and oils as an storage molecule
more energy dense than starch
why is starch insolubilty important for plants
it doesn’t affect the concentration of water inside cells.
why are green houses better for plants
to keep away from pests and diseases
what are the limiting factors of photosynthesis
carbondioxide
chlorophyll
temperature
light intensity
how is carbondioxide a limiting factor and how does it affect photosynthesis
Increasing the carbon dioxide concentration increases the rate of photosynthesis. increasing the C02 Concentration further above a certain threshold, doesn’t affect rate of photosynthesis anymore (stays the same). so CO2 is no longer a limiting factor, something else is
how is light intensity a limiting factor and how does it affect photosynthesis
increasing the light intesity increases the rate of photosynthesis. increasing the light intensity above a certain threshold, doesn’t affect rate of photosynthesis anymore(stays the same). so light intensity is no longer a limiting factor, something else is
how does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis- limiting factor
increasing the temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis. if the temp is increased above the optimum temp, the active site of the enzyme denatures and the rate of photosynthesis drops rapidly to zero.
how does chlorophyll affect rate of photosynthesis - limting factor
High chlorophyll concentration gives a high rate of photosynthesis.
describe the inverse square law- photosynthesis (light intesity)
as we increase the distance between the light source and the plant, the light intensity falls by 1/4. the relationship between the light intensity and the distance is inversely proportional.
what is respiration
transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose
what type of reaction is respiration
exothermic
what are the two types of respiration
anaerobic, aerobic
what is aerobic respiration
releases a great deal of energy in the presence of oxygen.
what is anaerobic respiration
releases small amount of energy in the absence of oxygen
equation for respiration
oxygen+glucose- carbondioxide+water
where does respiration occur in cells
mitochondria
is the breakdown of glucose complete in anaerobic respiration
no
is the breakdown of glucose complete in aerobic respiration
yes
what is the energy released from respiration used for
proteinsynthesis
building molecules
warmth
sending nerve impulses
muscle contraction
what happens to your muscle cells when you exercise too hard
become short of oxygen
what is oxygen debt
amount of extra oxygen used to remove lactic acid
what are the ways to remove lactic acid
lactic acid + water - carbondioxide + water
the blood moves the lactic acid to the liver where it’s converted back to glucose.
what is the equation for respiration in yeast
glucose - ethanol + carbondioxide
what is fermentation in yeast used for
to make bread
alcoholic drinks
