Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 10 > cell biology and cell transport > Flashcards

cell biology and cell transport Flashcards

1
Q

list three examples of eukaryotic cells

A

plant, animal, fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

list one example of prokaryotic cells

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of the cell wall, nucleus, mitochondria

A

cell wall - supports the cell
nucleus- controls activities of the cell
mitochondria - where energy is released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the function of cell membrane, ribosomes, permanent vacuole

A

where proteins are made
controls what goes in and out of the cell
filled with cell sap to keep the cell turgid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the function of chloroplasts and cytoplasm

A

contains enzymes needed for photosynthesis
where chemical reactions take place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what features do plant cells have that animal cells dont

A

cell wall, chloroplats, vacuole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the features of a bacteria cell

A

plasmids, Dna, cytoplasm, ribosomes, flagellum, cell wall, cell membrane,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are plasmids

A

this are rings of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why is iodine added to a specimen

A

the iodine is used as a stain to higlight objects in a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is magnification

A

this is making something look larger than it is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is resolution

A

being able to distinguish between two points on an object rather than it appearing as one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are specialised cells

A

cells have adaptations that help perfom a particular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is differentiation

A

process by which a cell becomes specialised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

list three examples of specialised animal cells

A

muscle,sperm, nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

list the adaptations of the muscle, nerve, and sperm cell

A

muscle cells- lots of mitochondria to help transfer energy
sperm cells- long tail to swim to egg, lots of mitochondria to give energy to swim and fertilise
nerve - dendrites recieve messages from the cell
axons transmits messages from the cell
long and has branched connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of the sperm, muscle, nerve

A

sperm - fertilise egg
nerve - carry eletric impules around the body
muscle- contracts to move parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

list the examples of specialised plant cells

A

root hair, xylem , phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the adaptations of the root hair, xylem, phloem

A

root hairs give large surface area and there also thin to give a short diffusion path
xylem- lignin strenghtens the cells
phloem - sieve tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

functions of xylem, phloem, root hair cells

A

transport water and minerals around the plant,
transports dissolved sugars around the plant
absorbs water and minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is binary fission

A

one bacteria cell splits into two bacterial cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

does bacteria normally multiply every 20,50 or 70 minutes

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are factors we need to have so binary fission can take place

A

temperature and availabilty of nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe how to prepare an uncontaminated culture medium

A

sterilize culture medium and petri dish with heat to kill microorganisms. sterlize innoculating loop with heat. tape the lid of the petri dish to avoid microorganisms entering from the air. store petri dish to avoid condensation falling onto agar surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is zone of inhibition

A

area where bacteria hasn’t grown

25
Q

what are the two types of culture mediums

A

nutrient broth solution, agar jelly

26
Q

what temperature do we normally incubate bacteria at in schools

A

25 degerees celsius

27
Q

how to investigate the effect of antibiotics on bacteria

A

put paper soaked in different concentrations of antibiotics with bacteria onto agar. use a controlled disk not soaked in antibiotics. laeve for 48 hours at 25 degrees. measure diameter of the inhibition zones

28
Q

what are chromosomes

A

this are long lengths of DNA that carry genes

29
Q

what are genes

A

small sections of DNA that are found on a chromosome.

30
Q

role of genes

A

carry out instructions needed to make proteins

31
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes does a human have

A

23 pairs

32
Q

what are gametes

A

sex cells like egg and sperm

33
Q

how many chromosomes do gametes have

A

23 single

34
Q

what is the cell cycle

A

period when the cell begins to divide

35
Q

describe the process of mitosis

A

cell growth, DNA replication, chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell, chromosomes are pulled to different ends of the cell, nucleus divides, cytoplasm and cell membrane to form two new identical daughter cells

36
Q

what is mitosis

A

copies one cell into two

37
Q

what are some functions of mitosis

A

cell growth and development
repair
happens during asexual reproduction

38
Q

what are stem cells

A

undifferentiated cells that have not become speialised to perfom a specific function which means they can diffrentiate into differnt types of cells

39
Q

what are the types of stem cells

A

adult, embryonic, meristem

40
Q

where is one one place we could find adult stem cells

A

bone marrow

41
Q

where is the meristem found

A

tips of shoots and roots

42
Q

give pros of stem cell research

A

replace faulty genes
wont be rejected by patient’s immune system

43
Q

give cons of stem cell research

A

risk of carrying viral infections
not ethical

44
Q

what is diffusion

A

the movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

45
Q

give a place diffusion can occur in the body

A

oxygen moves from a high concentration in the lungs to a low concentration in the blood.

46
Q

what are the factors that affect diffusion

A

temperature, concentration gradient, surface area

47
Q

what does a large surface area, high temperature, greater concentration gradient affect diffusion

A

increase the rate of diffusion

48
Q

what is osmosis

A

the movement of water from a higher to a lower concentration across a partially permeable membrane

49
Q

what happens to an animal cells that absorbs or loses water

A

it can swell and could burst
it can shrink and become flaccid

50
Q

what happens to a plant cell that gains water or loses water

A

it can swell but it’s cell wall keeps from bursting therefore making it turgid
it can shrink

51
Q

what is active transport

A

movement of mineral ions from lower to higher concentration against the concentration gradient. it also requires energy

52
Q

where does active transport occur in plants

A

plants absorb mineral ions from the soil

53
Q

what is the role of the alveoli

A

for gas exchange in lungs

54
Q

what are some the adaptations of alveoli

A

large surface area, good blood supply, moist lining for dissolving gases, thin walls

55
Q

what are some adaptations of a leaf and gills of fish

A

many stomata on lower surface
gill filaments increasing the surface area

56
Q

what is a light microscope

A

They use the beams of light and lenses in order to magnify a living object to create an image.

57
Q

what is an electron microscope

A

Electron microscopes use beams of electrons to make a magnified image.

58
Q

why are electron microscopes better than light microscope

A

higher magnification
higher resolution

59
Q
A

Year 10 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions