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organic synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

alkene -> poly(alkene)

A

high pressure catalyst

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2
Q

alkene -> dihalogenoalkane

A

Br2, Cl2 at room temp
electrophilic addition

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3
Q

dihalogenoalkane -> diol

A

KOH (aq)
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

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4
Q

alkene -> halogenoalkane

A

HBr, HCl
room temp
electrophilic addition

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5
Q

halogenoalkane -> alkene

A

KOH (alcoholic)
heat under reflux
elimination

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6
Q

alkane -> halogenoalkane

A

UV light
Cl2
free radical substitution

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7
Q

halogenoalkane -> nitrile

A

KCN (ethanolic)
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

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8
Q

halogenoalkane -> 1* amine

A

NH3 (alcoholic)
heat under pressure
nucleophilic substitution

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9
Q

nitrile -> 1* amine

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether
reduction

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10
Q

1* amine -> 2/3 amine/ quaternary salt

A

excess halogenoalkane
nucleophilic substitution

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11
Q

1* amine -> 2* amide

A

acyl chloride
room temp
nucleophilic addition-elimination

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12
Q

alkene -> alcohol

A

sulfuric acid
electrophilic addition
water
warm
hydrolysis

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13
Q

alcohol -> alkene

A

conc sulfuric acid
elimination/dehydration

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14
Q

1* alcohol -> aldehyde

A

acidified potassium dichromate
dilute sulfuric acid
heat and distill
partial oxidation

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15
Q

2* alcohol -> ketone

A

acidified potassium dichromate and dilute sulfuric acid
heat under reflux
oxidation

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16
Q

aldehyde -> alcohol

A

NaBH4
reduction
nucleophilic addition

17
Q

ketone -> alcohol

A

NaHB4
reduction
nucleophilic addition

18
Q

aldehyde -> carboxylic acid

A

acidified potassium dichromate
dilute sulfuric acid
heat under reflux
oxidation

19
Q

ketone -> hydroxynitrile

A

KCN + sulfuric acid
nucleophilic addition

20
Q

aldehyde -> hydroxynitrile

A

KCN + sulphuric acid
nucleophilic addition

21
Q

carboxylic acid -> ester

A

alcohol + sulfuric acid
heat
esterification

22
Q

acyl chloride/ acid anhydride -> ester

A

alcohol
room temp
nucleophilic addition - elimination

23
Q

acyl chloride/ acid anhydride -> carboxylic acid

A

water
room temp
nucleophilic addition - elimination

24
Q

acyl chloride/ acid anhydride -> 1* amide

A

ammonia
room temp nucleophilic addition - elimination

25
Q

acyl chloride/ acid anhydride -> 2* amide

A

1* amine
room temp
nucleophilic addition - elimination

26
Q

alcohol -> ester

A

carboxylic acid + sulfuric acid
heat
esterification

27
Q

nitrobenzene -> phenylamine

A

tin
conc HCl
heat via reflux
NaOH

28
Q

benzene -> nitrobenze

A

HNO3
conc sulfuric acid
warm
nitrification
electrophilic substitution

29
Q

benzene -> halobenzene

A

Cl2/Br2
AlCl3
warm

30
Q

benzene -> alkylbenzene

A

haloalkane
AlCl3
reflux

31
Q

benzene -> phenylketone

A

acyl chloride
anhydrous AlCl3
acylation
reflux
electrophilic substitution

32
Q

phenylamine -> N-phenylethanamide

A

acyl chloride
room temp
nucleophilic addition - elimination

Chemistry- organic (16 decks)

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