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A-Level Chemistry > Organic Synthesis > Flashcards

Organic Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Phenol neutralisation

A

+NaOH - acts as a weak acid (more acidic than alcohols less acidic than carboxylic acids)
O-Na+

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2
Q

Phenol bromination?

A

+3Br2 -> 2,4,6 tri-bromophenol

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3
Q

Phenol nitration?

A

+ HNO3
Phenol is 2,4,6 directing so NO2 is on 2/4

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4
Q

Benzene to chlorobenzene

A

Cl2 + AlCl3 (halogen carrier catalyst needed)
SAME FOR BROMINATION BUT WITH FeBr3

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5
Q

Benzene acylation

A

+CH3COCl (with halogen carrier catalyst) - HCl is produced as a by-product with ketone on the benzene ring

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6
Q

Benzene to methylbenzene

A

Alkylation ; addition of CH3Cl with halogen carrier catalyst AlCl3

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7
Q

Benzene to nitrobenzene

A

Addition of HNO3/H2SO4

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8
Q

Nitrobenzene to phenylamine

A

Tin/HCl reduction

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9
Q

Phenylamine to 2,4,6 tribromophenylamine

A

Add Br2 (no halogen carrier catalyst needed)

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10
Q

Haloalkane to primary alcohol

A

+NaOH

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11
Q

Primary alcohol to aldehyde

A

Acidified potassium dichromate and distil

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12
Q

Aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN/H+ (nucleophilic addition)

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13
Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

Dichromate ions/H+ (heat under reflux)

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14
Q

Primary alcohol to Haloalkane

A

Sodium halide + H2SO4 (HBr created for example)

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15
Q

Aldehyde to primary alcohol

A

NaBH4/H2O (reduction)

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16
Q

Primary alcohol to alkene

A

+H2SO4

17
Q

Alkene to primary alcohol

A

Hydration (+H3PO4/H2O)

18
Q

Haloalkane to Nitrile

A

+NaCN

19
Q

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

H2O/HCl (hydrolysis)

20
Q

Nitrile to Amine

A

H2/Ni (reduction)

21
Q

Haloalkane to amine

A

NH3/ethanol

22
Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

+Thionyl chloride (SOCl2)

23
Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

+H2O

24
Q

Acyl chloride to Primary Amide

A

+NH3

25
Q

Acyl chloride to secondary amide

A

+ primary amine

26
Q

Acyl chloride to ester

A

+ alcohol

27
Q

Ester hydrolysis?

A

+NaOH - sodium carboxylate + alcohol

28
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

Alcohol/H2SO4

29
Q

Ester to carboxylic acid

A

Dilute acid hydrolysis

30
Q

Primary alcohol to ester

A

Carboxylic acid/H2SO4 (esterification)

A-Level Chemistry (28 decks)

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