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1.Chem A-level > organic reactions and mechanisms > Flashcards

organic reactions and mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

what mechanism goes from alkane to CO2 + H2O?

A

combustion

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2
Q

what do you make when you combust an alkane?

A

CO2 +H2O

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3
Q

What are the conditions required for the combustion of an alkane?

A

O2

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4
Q

what are the conditions required to turn an alkane into CO2 + H2O?

A

O2 (combustion)

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5
Q

what mechanism goes from alkane to haloalkane?

A

free radical substitution

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6
Q

what do you make when you perform free radical substitution on an alkane?

A

haloalkane

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7
Q

what are the conditions required for the free radical substitution of an alkane?

A

UV light, halogen

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8
Q

what are the conditions required to turn an alkane into a haloalkane?

A

UV light, Halogen (free radical substitution)

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9
Q

what mechanism goes from haloalkane to alkene?

A

elimination

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10
Q

what do you make when you perform elimination on a haloalkane?

A

alkene

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11
Q

what are the conditions required for the elimination of a haloalkane?

A

ethanolic solvent, NaOH/KOH

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12
Q

what are the conditions required to turn a haloalkane into an alkene?

A

ethanolic solvent, NaOH/KOH (elimination)

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13
Q

what mechanism goes from alkene to haloalkane?

A

electrophilic addition

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14
Q

what do you make when you perform electrophilic addition on an alkene (using a halogen)?

A

haloalkane

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15
Q

what are the conditions required for the electrophilic addition of an alkene (to make a haloalkane)?

A

HCl/HBr, Cl2/Br2

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16
Q

what are the conditions required to turn an alkene into a haloalkane?

A

HCl/HBr, Cl2/Br2 (electrophilic addition)

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17
Q

what mechanism goes from alkene to alkyl hydrogensulfate?

A

electrophilic addition

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18
Q

what do you make when you perform electrophilic addition on an alkene using h2so4?

A

alkyl hydrogensulfate

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19
Q

what are the conditions required for the elctrophilic addition of an alkene (to make alkyl hydrogensulphate)?

A

concentrated h2so4

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20
Q

what are the conditions required to turn an alkene into an alkyl hdrogensulphate?

A

concentrrated h2so4 (electrophilic addition)

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21
Q

what mechanism goes from alkyl hydrogensulphate to alcohol?

A

hydrolysis/nucleophilic subsitituon

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22
Q

what do you make when you perform nucleophilic substitution on an alkyl hydrogensulphate?

A

alcohol

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23
Q

what do you make when you perform hydrolysis on an alkyl hydrogensulphate?

A

alcohol

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24
Q

what are the conditions required for the hydrolysis of an alkyl hydrogensulphate?

A

H2O

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25
What are the conditions required for the nucleophilic substituion of an alkyl hydrogensulphate?
H2O
26
what are the conditions required to turn an alkyl hydrogensulphate into an alchol?
H2O (hydrolysis/nucleophilic substitution?
27
what mechanism goes from alkene to alcohol?
direct hydration
28
what do you make when you perform direct hydration on an alkene?
alcohol
29
what are the conditions required for the direct hydration of an alkene?
Concentrated H3PO4, steam
30
what are the conditions required to turn an alkene into an alcohol?
Concentrated H3PO4, steam (direct hydration)
31
what mechanism goes from alcohol to alkene?
elimination
32
what do you make when you perform elimination on an alcohol?
alkene
33
what are the conditions required for the elimination of an alcohol?
hot concentrated H2SO4
34
what are the conditions required to turn an alcohol into an alkene?
hot concentrated h2so4 (elimination)
35
what mechanism goes from haloalkane to nitrile?
nucleophilic substitution
36
what do you make when you perform nucleophilic substitution on a haloalkane, by CN-?
nitrile
37
what are the conditions required for the nucleophilic substituion of a haloalkane by CN-?
KCN, Ethanolic, Aqueous
38
what are the conditions required to turn a haloalkane into a nitrile?
KCN, Ethanolic, Aqueous (nuclephilic substitution)
39
what mechanism goes from haloalkane to amine?
nucleophilic substitution
40
what do you make when you perform nucleophilic substituion on a haloalkane, by NH2?
amine
41
what are the conditions required for the nucleophilic substitution of a haloalkane by NH2?
Excess NH3, high heat and pressure, ethanol solvent
42
what are the conditions required to turn a haloalkane into an amine?
Excess NH3, high heat and pressure, ethanol solvent (nucleophilic substitution)
43
what mechanism goes from haloalkane to alcohol?
nucleophilic substitution
44
what do you make when you perform nucleophilic substitution on a haloalkane, by OH?
alcohol
45
what are the conditions required for the nucleophilic substitution of a haloalkane by OH?
NaOH/KOH, aqueous solvent, heat
46
what are the conditions required to turn a haloalkane into an alcohol?
NaOH/KOH, aqueous solvent, heat (nucleophilic substitution)
47
what mechanism goes from alcohol to ketone?
oxidation
48
what do you make when you perform oxidation on a secondary alcohol?
ketone
49
what are the conditions required for the oxidation of a secondary alcohol?
- Reagent: acidified potassium dichromate - Conditions: Heat under reflux or distillation
50
what are the conditions required to turn an alcohol into a ketone?
- Reagent: acidified potassium dichromate, secondary alcohol - Conditions: Heat under reflux or distillation - mechanism: oxidation
51
what mechansim goes from alcohol to aldehyde?
oxidation
52
what do you make when you perform oxidation by distillation on an primary alcohol?
aldehyde
53
what are the conditions required for the oxidation of a primary alcohol by distillation?
- Reagent: acidified potassium dichromate - Conditions: Heat under distillation
54
what are the conditions required to turn an alcohol into an aldehyde?
- Reagent: acidified potassium dichromate, primary alcohol - Conditions: Heat under distillation - mechanism: oxidation
55
what mechanism goes from alcohol to carboxylic acid?
oxidation
56
what do you make when you perform oxidation by reflux on a primary alcohol?
carboxylic acid
57
what are the conditions required for the oxidation of a primary alcohol by reflux?
- Reagent: acidified potassium dichromate - Conditions: Heat under reflux
58
what are the conditions required to turn an alcohol into a carboxylic acid?
- Reagent: acidified potassium dichromate, primary alcohol - Conditions: Heat under reflux, excess oxidising agent - mechanism: oxidation
59
what mehcnaism goes from aldehyde to carboxylic acid?
oxidation
60
what do you make when you perform oxidation on an aldehyde?
carboxylic acid
61
what are the conditions required for the oxidation of an aldehyde?
- Reagent: acidified potassium dichromate - Conditions: Heat under reflux
62
WHAT ARE The conditions required to turn an aldehyde into a carboxylic acid?
- Reagent: acidified potassium dichromate - Conditions: Heat under reflux - mechanism: oxidation
63
what are the conditions required to turn glucose into an alcohol?
yeast, 35C, no O2

1.Chem A-level (24 decks)

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