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1.Chem A-level > 3.2.2 Group 2 Knowledge > Flashcards

3.2.2 Group 2 Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Does reactivity increase or decrease down group 2?

A

increases

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2
Q

group 2 metal + water => ?

A

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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3
Q

Mg(s) + 2H₂O(l) ⇒ ?

A

Mg(OH)₂(aq) + H₂(g)

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4
Q

Mg(s) + H₂O(g) ⇒

A

MgO + H₂(g)

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5
Q

why does Mg react different with liquid water or steam?

A

steam has more energy that ignites Mg

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6
Q

what are the observations when Mg reacts with steam?

A

white solid produced, bright white light

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7
Q

what is the equation for the use of Mg for the extraction of Titanium from Titanium Tetrachloride

A

TiCl₄ + 2Mg ⇒ 2MgCl₂ + Ti

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8
Q

what is the role of Mg in this reaction: TiCl₄ + 2Mg ⇒ 2MgCl₂ + Ti?

A

reducing agent

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9
Q

does the solubility of group 2 hydroxides increase or decrease down the group?

A

increases

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10
Q

how soluble is Mg(OH)₂?

A

sparingly soluble

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11
Q

how soluble is Ca(OH)₂?

A

sparingly soluble

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12
Q

how soluble is Sr(OH)₂?

A

more soluble

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13
Q

how soluble is Ba(OH)₂?

A

completely dissolves

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14
Q

how do you test for Mg²⁺ and OH⁻ ions?

A

if Mg²⁺ ions are added to a solution containing OH⁻ ions (and vice versa) a white precipitate (Mg(OH)₂) forms

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15
Q

what is the precipitate formed when Mg²⁺ ions are added to a solution containing OH⁻ ions?

A

Mg(OH)₂, a white solid almost insoluble in water

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16
Q

what is the ionic equation for the reaction between Mg²⁺ ions and OH⁻ ions?

A

Mg²⁺(aq) + 2OH⁻(aq) ⇒ Mg(OH)₂(s)

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17
Q

how do you test for Mg²⁺ ions?

A

add Na(OH)(aq) or any other OH⁻ containing compound

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18
Q

how do you test for OH⁻ ions?

A

add Mg(NO₃)₂(aq) or any other Mg²⁺ containing compound

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19
Q

what is a use of Mg(OH)₂?

A

indigestion relief (often called ‘milk of magnesia’)

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20
Q

does the solubility of the group 2 sulphates increase or decrease down the group?

A

decreases

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21
Q

describe the solubility of MgSO₄

A

completely dissolves

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22
Q

describe the solubility of CaSO₄

A

fairly soluble

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23
Q

describe the solubility of SrSO₄

A

sparingly soluble

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24
Q

describe the solubility of BaSO₄

A

insoluble

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25
how do you test for Ba²⁺ and SO₄²⁻ ions?
if Ba²⁺ ions are added to a solution containing SO₄²⁻ ions (and vice versa) a white precipitate (BaSO₄) forms
26
what is the precipitate that forms when Ba²⁺ ions are added to a solution containing SO₄²⁻ ions?
BaSO₄, a white solid that is insoluble in water
27
give the ionic equation for the reaction between Ba²⁺ and SO₄²⁻ ions
Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) ⇒ BaSO₄(s)
28
how do you test for Ba²⁺ ions?
add H₂SO₄(aq)
29
how do you test for SO₄²⁻ ions?
add BaCl₂
30
what is a use of barium sulphate?
'Barium meal' - it is radiopaque allowing stomach and intestines to show up on x-rays
31
why do you need to use emery paper on Mg ribbons before doing reactions with them?
- Mg ribbon will often have a thin layer of MgO on it formed by the reaction with O2 in the air - if testing for reaction rates with Mg and Acid, an uncleaned Mg ribbon would hive a false result becuase both the Mg and MgO would react at different rates
32
what are the observations for the reaction between G2 and cold water?
- effervescence (more vigorous down group) - metal dissolving (faster down group) - solution heating up (more down group) - with calcium, a white ppt appearing
33
why is titanium a useful metal?
- it is abundant - it has a low density - it is corrosion resistant
34
what is titanium used for?
making strong, light alloys for use in aircraft
35
why can't titanium be extracted with carbon?
Titanium Carbide (TiC) is formed rather than titanium
36
why can't titanium by extracted by electrolysis?
it has to be very pure
37
why is TiO2 converted to TiCl4, only to be extracted by Mg?
it can be purified by fractional distillation as TiCl4 is molecular so liquid at RTP, while TiO2 is ionic so solid at RTP
38
give the equation for the transformation of TiO2 to TiCl4
TiO2 + 2Cl2 + 2C -> TiCl4 + 2CO
39
Why is titanium expensive?
- magnesium is expensive - extraction of titanium is a batch process - due to argon and need to remove moisture, as TiCl4 is susceptible to hydrolysis - high temperatures required
40
why are batch processes more expensive?
- process is slower - requires more labour - energy is lost when the reactor is cooled after stopping
41
what is the pH of Mg(OH)2 suspension in water?
slightly alkaline (pH 9)
42
why is the pH of Mg(OH)2 suspension in water slightly alkaline (pH 9)?
some hydroxide ions must have been produced by a slight dissolving
43
what is the equation for the reaction between magnesium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid?
Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + 2H2O
44
why is using magnesium hydroxide preferable to calcium carbonate, to neutralise excess stomach acid?
it will not produce carbon dioxide gas
45
what is calcium hydroxide used for?
used in agriculture to neutralise acidic soils
46
what is the pH of Ca(OH)2 suspension in water?
slightly more alkaline than Mg(OH)2 - pH 11
47
why is the pH of Ca(OH)2 suspension in water more alkaline than that of Mg(OH)2?
there will be more hydroxide ions present in solution
48
what is the equation for the reaction between calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide?
Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2(g) -> CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
49
why will barium metal only react slowly with sulfuric acid?
the insoluble barium sulfate produced will cover the surface of the metal and act as a barrier
50
when should gravitational filtration be used?
if small amounts of solid are formedw
51
when should vacuum filtration be used?
if large amounts of solid be formed
52
are sodium salts soluble?
yes
53
are potassium salts soluble?
yes
54
are ammonium salts soluble?
yes
55
are nitrate salts soluble?
yes
56
are silver chlorides, bromides, and iodides soluble?
no
57
are lead chlorides, bromides, and iodides soluble?
no
58
are most chlorides, bromides, and iodides soluble?
yes
59
are lead sulfates soluble?
no
60
are strontium sulfates soluble?
no
61
are barium sulfates soluble?
no
62
are most sulfates soluble?
yes
63
are sodium carbonates soluble?
yes
64
are potassium carbonates soluble?
yes
65
are ammonium carbonates soluble?
yes
66
are most carbonates soluble?
no
67
are sodium hydroxides soluble?
yes
68
are potassium hydroxides soluble?
yes
69
are ammonium hydroxides soluble?
yes
70
are most hydroxides soluble?
no

1.Chem A-level (24 decks)

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