3.3.1 Intro to Organic Chem Knowledge Flashcards
what element do all organic compounds contain?
Carbon
how many covalent bonds does carbon form in stable compounds?
4
how many of each type of bond does each carbon atom have in an alkane?
4 single bonds
how many of each type of bond does each carbon atom have in an alkene?
in alkenes, carbon has 2 single bonds and 1 double bond
how many of each type of bond does each carbon atom have in an alkyne?
in alkynes, carbon has 1 single bond and 1 triple bond
what is the empirical formula?
simplest ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound
what is the molecular formula?
total number of atoms of each element in a compound
what is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
what is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
what is the general formula for cycloalkanes?
CnH2n
what is displayed formula?
shows every atom and every bonds within a compound
what is structural formula?
shows unique arrangement of atoms in a molecule in a simplified form, without drawing all the bonds
what is skeletal formula?
simplified version of displayed formula where the carbon chain is represented by a single zig-zag line and the end of each line and each corner represents a carbon atom
how is structural formula written?
- Each carbon in the longest chain is written separately, along with the atoms or groups which are attached to it
- When there is a side-chain containing carbon, this is written in brackets to show that it is not part of the main chain
what is the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry?
a method of naming organic chemical compounds
what is the prefix for 1 carbon chain?
meth-
what is the prefix for 2 carbon chain?
eth-
what is the prefix for 3 carbon chain?
prop-
what is the prefix for 4 carbon chain?
but-
what is the prefix for 5 carbon chain?
pent-
what is the prefix for 6 carbon chain?
hex-
what is the prefix for 7 carbon chain?
sept-
what is the prefix for 8 carbon chain?
oct-
what is the prefix for 9 carbon chain?
non-