Organic Reactions

Question 1

Alkane -> haloalkane

Answer 1

+ Halogen + UV/300 degrees
Radical substitution
Product = hydrogen halide

Question 2

Alkene -> Alkane

Answer 2

+ H2 (g) + Ni catalyst

EA

Question 3

Alkene -> haloalkane

Answer 3

H halide

EA

Question 4

Alkene -> primary alcohol

Answer 4

+ H2O (g) + H3PO4 cat

EA

Question 5

Primary alcohol -> alkene

Answer 5

c.H3PO4 + reflux
Dehydration/elimination
Product = H2O

Question 6

Primary alcohol -> aldehyde

Answer 6

+ [O] + distill

Oxidation

Question 7

Aldehyde -> COOH

Answer 7

+ [O] (excess) + reflux

Question 8

Aldehyde -> primary alcohol

Answer 8

NaBH4 + H2O + warm
2[H]
Reduction
Product = -OH

Question 9

Primary alcohol -> haloalkane

Answer 9

H halide + reflux
Substitution
Product = H2O

Question 10

Haloalkane -> primary alcohol

Answer 10

+ -OH + reflux

NS

Question 11

Secondary alcohol -> ketone

Answer 11

[O] + reflux

Oxidation

Question 12

Ketone -> secondary alcohol

Answer 12

NaBH4 + H2O + warm
2[H]
Reduction
Product = -OH

Question 13

Haloalkane -> primary amine

Answer 13

c.NH3 (ex) + NaOH + ethanol solvent

NS

Question 14

Primary amine -> secondary amine

Answer 14

+ haloalkane + NaOH

NS

Question 15

Haloalkane -> Nitrile

Answer 15

NaCN + ethanol
NS
Product = Na Halide

Question 16

Aldehyde/ketone -> hydroxynitrile

Answer 16

NaCN + H2SO4
NA
Product = NaOH

Question 17

Nitrile -> primary amine

Answer 17

+ 2H2 + Ni catalyst

Reduction

Question 18

Nitrile -> COOH

Answer 18

2H2O + dilute HCl + heat
Hydrolysis
Product = NH4Cl

Question 19

COOH -> acyl chloride

Answer 19

+ SOCl2 + reflux

Product = SO2(g) + HCl (g)

Question 20

Acyl chloride -> COOH

Answer 20

+ H2O

Product = HCl (g)

Question 21

COOH -> Ester

Answer 21

+ alcohol + c.H2SO4 + reflux
Esterification
Product = H2O

Question 22

Ester -> COOH + Alcohol

Answer 22

+ dilute aq acid (H2O is main reactant) + reflux

Acid hydrolysis

Question 23

Acyl Chloride -> Ester

Answer 23

+ alcohol
Acylation
Product = HCl

Question 24

Acyl chloride -> primary amide

Answer 24

+ c.2NH3 + RTP

Product = NH4Cl

Question 25

Acyl chloride -> secondary amide

Answer 25

+ primary amine

Product = R - NH3+ Cl-

Question 26

Ways to make a haloalkane

Answer 26

1) alkene + halogen + UV/300
2) alkene + H halide
3) Primary alcohol + H halide + reflux

Question 27

Ways to make a primary alcohol

Answer 27

1) alkene + steam + H3PO4
2) aldehyde + NaBH4 + H2O
3) haloalkane + -OH + reflux

Question 28

How to make a primary amine

Answer 28

1) Haloalkane + c.NH3(excess) + NaOH + ethanol

2) nitrile + 2H2 + Ni

Question 29

How to make a nitrile

Answer 29

1) Haloalkane + NaCN + ethanol

2) carbonyl + NaCN + H2SO4 (hydroxynitrile)

Question 30

How to make a COOH

Answer 30

1) primary alcohol + excess [O] + reflux
2) Nitrile + 2H2O + dilute HCl + heat
3) acyl chloride + H2O
4) Ester + dilute aq acid + reflux

Question 31

How to make an acyl chloride

Answer 31

COOH + SOCl2 + reflux

Question 32

How to make an Ester

Answer 32

1) COOH + alcohol + c.H2SO4 + reflux

2) acyl chloride + alcohol

Question 33

How to make a primary amide

Answer 33

Acyl chloride + c.2NH3 + RTP

Question 34

How to make a secondary amide

Answer 34

Acyl chloride + primary amine