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Grade 12 Chemistry > Organic Reactions > Flashcards

Organic Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

what will undergo combustion?

A

all the organic families

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2
Q

substitution

A

an atom or group on the chain is replaced by another

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3
Q

which families participate in substitution and what do they substitue with

A
  • alkanes with halogens
  • aromatics with halogens
  • aromatics with alkyl halide
  • aromatics with nitric acid
  • alchohols with hydrogen halide
  • ethers with 2 binary acids
  • preparing amines (ammonia) with alkyl halide
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4
Q

what is the catalyst for alkanes with halogens?

A

UV light

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5
Q

what are the products of alkanes and halogens?

A

haloalkane + hydrogen halide

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6
Q

what is the catalyst for aromatics with halogens?

A

FeBr3 or AlCl3

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7
Q

what are the products of aromatics with halogens?

A

halobenzene + hydrogen

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8
Q

what is the catalyst of aromatics with alkyl halide?

A

AlCl3

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9
Q

what are the products of aromatics with alkyl halide

A

alkyl beneze + hydrogen

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10
Q

where does the halogen go when added to the ring with the aromatic?

A

usually in the para or orho position

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11
Q

When adding an alkyl to the ring with the aromatic?

A

most likely put in the para or ortho position

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12
Q

what is the catalyst of aromatics with nitric acid?

A

sulphuric acid

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13
Q

what are the products of the aromatic with the nitric acid?

A

nitrobenzene + water

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14
Q

When adding another nitro to an aromatic ring where is it most likely to be put?

A

the meta position

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15
Q

what is the catalyst of alchohols with hydrogen halides

A

ZnCl2

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16
Q

what are the products of alchohols with hydrogen halides?

A

alkyl halide + water

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17
Q

if a hydrogen halide pairs with a primary alchohol when does the reaction occur?

A

only after heating

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18
Q

if a hydrogen halide pairs with a secondary alchohol when does the reaction occur?

A

within 5 minutes

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19
Q

if a hydrogen halide pairs with a tertiary alchohol when does the reaction occur?

A

immediately

20
Q

what is the catalyst of ethers with 2 binary acids?

A

heat

21
Q

what are the products of ethers with 2 binary acids?

A

2 alkyl halides + water

22
Q

what is the catalyst for preparing amines with alkyl halides?

A

NONE!

23
Q

what is a condensation reaction?

A

linking 2 molecules together by removing water

24
Q

Where does the water molecule come from?

A

the H for the water comes from 1 molecule and the OH comes from another

25
Q

What is the catalyst for a condensation reaction between and alchohol and another alchohol?

A

H2SO4 + 140 degrees celsius

26
Q

what are the products of a condensation reaction of an alchohol with another alchohol?

A

an ether and water

27
Q

what is the catalyst for alchohols with carboxylic acids?

A

H2SO4 + heat

28
Q

what are the products o an alchohol with a carboxylic acid in a condensation reaction

A

ester + water

29
Q

What types of amines can have a condensation reaction with carboxylix acid?

A

primary and secondary

30
Q

what is the catalyst for amines with carboxylixc acids in a condensation reaction?

A

H2SO4 + heat

31
Q

what are the products of amines with carboxylic acid in a condensation reaction?

A

amide + water

32
Q

what is hydrolysis?

A

splitting apart of a molecule by adding water

33
Q

Describe a reversible ester hydrolysis. (reactants + catalyst + products)

A

reactants: ester with water
catalyst: H2SO4 + heat
products: alchohol + carboxylix acid

34
Q

Describe a irreversible ester hydrolysis. (reactants + products)

A

reactants: ester with water + base
products: alchohol + carboxylate ion + metal ion

35
Q

describe the hydrolysis reaction of amides (reactants + catalyst + products)

A

reactants: amide with water
catalyst: H2SO4 + heat
products: amine + carboxylic acid

36
Q

what is an addition reaction?

A

adding groups or atoms to the chain by breaking a pi bond

37
Q

describe hydrogenation AKA alkenes with hydrogen (catalyst + product)

A

catalyst: platinum
product alkane

38
Q

describe halogenation AKA alkenes with halogens (catalyst + product)

A

catalyst: CCl4
product haloalkane with 2 halogen atoms

39
Q

describe the addition reaction of a hydrogen halide with an alkene (catalyst + product)

A

catalyst: NA
product haloalkane with 1 halogen atom

40
Q

describe the addition reaction of water with an alkene (catalyst + product)

A

catalyst: H2SO4 + 100 degrees celsius
product: alchohol

41
Q

Markonikov’s rule

A

the H gets added to the C in the doble bond that started with the most Hs

42
Q

with reaction followin Markovnikov’s rule?

A

alkenes with hydrogen halides
alkenes with water

43
Q

how do addition reaction with alkenes differ from alkynes?

A

same as alkenes but need 2 moles of each to fully saturate the triple bond

44
Q

describe an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones with hydrogen aka a reduction (catalyst + product)

A

catalyst: Platinum and 101 MPa
product: alchohol

45
Q

primary alchohol

A

aldehyde

46
Q

secondary alchohol

A

ketone

47
Q
A

Grade 12 Chemistry (12 decks)

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