Atomic Structure

Question 1

what was the first atomic model and who proposed it?

Answer 1

solid sphere model, by Dalton

Question 2

What was the second atomic model and who proposed it?

Answer 2

plum pudding model by JJ Thomson

Question 3

what was the third atomic model and who proposed it?

Answer 3

the nuclear model by Rutherford

Question 4

what was the fourth atomic model and who proposed it?

Answer 4

planetary model by Bohr

Question 5

what was the fifth atomic model and who proposed it

Answer 5

the quantum model by Schrodinger

Question 6

quantum mechanics

Answer 6

the study of motion at the atomic level where classical lawss of motions do not apply because the particles behave like waves

Question 7

what did de Broglie think?

Answer 7

orginated the idea than an electron has both wave and particle properties

Question 8

what demo did Schrodinger and de Broglie perform?

Answer 8

standing wave demo

Question 9

What did Schrodinger and de Broglie find with the electron from hydrogen?

Answer 9

the model showed the electron as a circular stading wave ith wavelenths of whole number multiples

Question 10

how did other orbits affect the standing wave?

Answer 10

would cause it to cancel out or collapse

Question 11

orbital

Answer 11

a region around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron

Question 12

what did the Schrodinger wave equation lead to?

Answer 12

can be used to calculate electron energy levels, which gives a definable amount of energy to an electron allowing it to be localized to a given orbital

Question 13

Heisenbergs uncertainty principle

Answer 13

the idea that it is impossible to know the exact position and speed of an electron and the same given time

Question 14

electrons are so small that any attempt to measure its location or speed will affect its location and/or speed

Question 15

what are the two main points of the quantum mechanical model?

Answer 15

• electrons can be in different orbitals by absorbing or emitting quanta of energy
• the location of electron is given by a probability distribution

Question 16

electron configuration

Answer 16

shows the specific placement of electrons within an energy level

Question 17

sublevel of an energy level called:

Answer 17

orbital

Question 18

how many electrons can orbital hold?

Answer 18

a maximum of 2

Question 19

what are the 4 types of orbitals??

Answer 19

s, p, d, f,
(sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental)

Question 20

how many s orbitals?

Answer 20

single

Question 21

how many p orbitals?

Answer 21

groups of 3

Question 22

how many d orbitals?

Answer 22

groups of 5

Question 23

how many f orbitals?

Answer 23

groups of 7

Question 24

where are s orbitals found?

Answer 24

on every energy level

Question 25

where are p orbitals found?

Answer 25

at energy level 2 and above

Question 26

where are d orbitals found?

Answer 26

energy levels 3 and above

Question 27

where are d orbitals found?

Answer 27

in energy levels 3 and above

Question 28

where are f orbitals found?

Answer 28

levels 4 and above

Question 29

in what order are electrons placed in energy levels?

Answer 29

from lowest enegy (closest to the nucleus) to highest energy

Question 30

Pauli Exclusion principle

Answer 30

when 2 electrons are placed in the same orbital, these electrons will spin in different directions (one arrow points up and another points down)

Question 31

Aufbau pinciple

Answer 31

lowest energy orbitals are filled first

Question 32

Hund's rule

Answer 32

when there are multiple orbitals of equal energy, each orbitals gets a single elerctron before pairing up electrons

Question 33

describe longhand configuration

Answer 33

writing the lowest energy level and orbital type and put the number of electrons as a superscript for the orabital then conitnue until all electrons have been accounted for

Question 34

describe shorthand or noble gas configuration

Answer 34

use the closest noble gas with fewer electrons, place that symbol is square brackets and resume the configuration and continue until all electrons have been accounted for

Question 35

what are the 2 stable electron configurations

Answer 35

a filled set or orbitals or a half filled set of orbitals

Question 36

Which elements are exceptions to the rule?

Answer 36

Cr, Mo, Cu, Ag, Au

Question 37

how does Cr differ from normalcy?

Answer 37

[Ar]4s13d5 NOT [Ar]4s23d4 since it is more stable and takes less energy for the 4s and 3d orbitals to be half filled

Question 38

describe the electron configuration of negative ions

Answer 38

negative ions will gain enough electrons to fill the orbitals of their highest energy level. Non-metals make anions so they would be P orbitals that are the highest energy shells

Question 40

describe the electron configuration of positive ions

Answer 40

will lose electrons from the highest avaible energy shell before it loses from the next shell down

Question 41

quantum numbers

Answer 41

set of 4 numbers that describe an electron's location

Question 42

whats the first number?

Answer 42

principal quantum number (n), the energy level the electron is in

Question 43

what is the second quantum number

Answer 43

secondary quantum number (l), describes sublevel (orbital type) s= 0 p = 1 d = 2 f = 3 aka angular momentum quantum number

Question 44

what is the third quantum number?

Answer 44

magnetic quantum number (m) descibes which orbital the sublevel electron is in

Question 45

what is the fourth quantum number?

Answer 45

spin quantum number describes whether electron is spinning clockwise (+1/2) or counterclockwise (-1/2)

Question 46

Who discovered the electron?

Answer 46

J.J Thomson Joseph john

Question 47

How was the electron discovered?

Answer 47

With the cathode ray experiment. Electric current run through a glass tube a stream of negatively charged particles was emittey

Question 48

Who discovered the nucleus?

Answer 48

Rutherford

Question 49

How was the nucleus discovered?

Answer 49

With the gold foil experiment

Question 50

Who discovered the neutron?

Answer 50

James Chadwick