Organic Chem - Chem Version

Question 1

Intramolecular Forces

Answer 1

forces of electrostatic attraction within a molecule which occur between the nuclei of the atoms and whtir electrons making up the molcule

Question 2

how can intramolecular forces be broken? What happens after?

Answer 2

by chemical means and form new substances when broken

Question 3

intermolecular forces

Answer 3

forces of attraction between two molecules

Question 4

how can intermolecular forces be broken? What happens after?

Answer 4

physical changes (changes of state) can break or weaken these forces

they do not form new substances when broken

Question 5

What determines the chemical properties of a substance?

Answer 5

intramolecular forces

Question 6

what determines the physical properties of a substance?

Answer 6

inter molecular forces

Question 7

what is the strength of London Dispersion forces dependent on?

Answer 7

the number of electrons and protons in a given molecule

more electrons and protrons = greater force

Question 8

what do dipole-dipole forces occur between?

Answer 8

polar molecules having dipoles

Question 9

what is the strength of the force related to?

Answer 9

the polarity of the given molecule

Question 10

What is the strongest intermolecular forces?

Answer 10

hydrogen bonds

Question 11

List the characteristics of Organic Compounds

Answer 11

1. made of carbon atoms in chaings or rings
2. contain covalent bonds
3. principle intermolecular force is London Dispersion
4. one molecular formula can represent many differnt compounds
5. properties are determined by the presence of certain groups within the compound

Question 12

what is an isomer

Answer 12

molecules with the same formula but different structures

Question 13

what are the 2 main types of isomers?

Answer 13

constitutional isomers
- stereoisomoers

Question 14

what is a constitutional isomer?

Answer 14

molecules that have the same molecular formula but the atoms are bonded together in a different sequence

Question 15

What is a stereoisomer?

Answer 15

molecules that have the same molecular formula and atoms bonded together in the same sequence, but differ in their 3D orientation

Question 16

what are the two types of constitutional isomers?

Answer 16

structural
functional

Question 17

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 17

they are in the same organic family but have a different arrangement of the atoms

Question 18

What is a functional isomer?

Answer 18

same formula but are in different organic families

Question 19

What are the two types of stereoisomers

Answer 19

geometric
optical/enantiomers

Question 20

what is a geometric isomer

Answer 20

when they differ in the placement of groups around a double bond

cis-trans isomers

Question 21

what is an optical/enantiomers isomer?

Answer 21

mirror images of each otther that cannnot be superimposed onto each other

Question 22

Why are there so many organic compounds?

Answer 22

1. carbon has 4 valence electrons therefore 4 bonds
2. carbon readily bonds with other carbon atoms forming chains branched or cyclic compounds
3. carbon also readily bonds with other elements such as O, N, S halogens

Question 23

structural diagram

Answer 23

shows all bonds in the molecule (Hs generally left off)

Question 24

condensed diagram

Answer 24

no bonds but all atoms are shown in sequence (must put bonds between Cs for cyclos)

Question 25

line (skeletal) diagram

Answer 25

carbon atoms are implied by the vertices (including ends) in the structure, Hs are not shown but any other atoms are written

Question 26

alkan

Answer 26

all C-C single bonds

Question 27

what is the general formula for Alkanes

Answer 27

CnH2n+2

Question 28

Describe the polarity of basic alkanes

Answer 28

non-polar the addition of functional groups can change the polarity

Question 29

amino branch

Answer 29

NH2

Question 30

nitro branch

Answer 30

NO2