Organic Molecules & Structures - Organic Chem (7.1) Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
An organic molecule that contains only C & H atoms
What is the main feature of an alkane?
Contains only C-C single bonds
What is the main feature of an alkene?
Contain at least one C=C double bond
What is the main feature of an alkyne?
Contain at least one carbon triple bond
What is the suffix of alkynes?
-yne
Give 3 features of alkanes
- They are fully saturated (no double bonds)
- General formula: CnH2n+2
- All C atoms form 4 bonds w/ a bond angle of 109.5
What is the suffix of alkanes?
-ane
Give 3 features of alkenes
- They are unsaturated (1+ C=C double bond)
- General formula: CnH2n
- Are planar around the double bond with bond angle of 120
Give 3 features of alkynes
- They are unsaturated (1+ C&C triple bond)
- General formula: CnH2n-2
- Are linear & have bond angle of 180 around triple bond
What is the suffix of alkenes?
-ene
When there are 3+ Cs in alkenes & alkynes we have to…
say which C&C bond is unsaturated - count to give the lowest number
What are the prefixes of cyclic hydrocarbons?
cyclo-
Molecules are identical when the chain branches. True or false?
False. Molecules are NOT identical when the chain branches.
Give the 3 steps to naming branched chain molecules
- Find the principle chain (longest C chain)
- Name & number the side chains (number from end which gives lowest sum of numbers overall)
- List multiple side chains in alphabetical order
If there are identical side chains that appear more than once what should you do? (when naming the molecule)
Collate the numbers & prefix with di (2), try (3), tetra (4)…
(When arranging in alphabetical order you now look at the di, tri etc.)
