Functional groups - Organic Chemistry (7.3)

Question 1

How do the addition of functional groups affect molecules?

Answer 1

Each functional groups reacts in a different ways & so it gives a molecule characteristic properties

Question 2

How do you name haloalkanes?

Answer 2

Prefixes:
F = fluoro-
Cl = chloro-
Br = bromo-
I = iodo-
State position of halogen when there are 3+ Cs in main chain

Question 3

How do you name alcohols?

Answer 3

Suffix: -ol

In main chains that have 2+ Cs, insert no. btw. the C chain name & the -ol suffix (e.g propan-2-ol)

Question 4

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

Answer 4

-COOH

C=O double bond

Question 5

What is the functional group of an acyl chloride?

Answer 5

-COCl

C=O double bond

Question 6

What is the functional group of an amide?

Answer 6

-CONH2 or -CONR2

C=O double bond

Question 7

What is the suffix of carboxylic acids?

Answer 7

-oic acid

Question 8

What is the suffix of acyl chlorides?

Answer 8

-oyl chloride

Question 9

What is the suffix of amides?

Answer 9

-amide

Question 10

What is the functional group of an aldehyde & where is it found in the chain?

Answer 10

C=O at the END of the chain

Question 11

What is the functional group of an ketone & where is it found in the chain?

Answer 11

C=O in the middle of the chain

Question 12

What is the suffix of an aldehyde?

Answer 12

-al

Question 13

What is the suffix of a ketone?

Answer 13

C=O in the middle of the chain

Question 14

Give a common use of aldehydes

Answer 14

Often found in essential oils, vitamins, natural flavourings & pharmaceuticals

Question 15

Give a common use of ketones

Answer 15

Used commonly as solvents (e.g nail varnish remover) t found in drugs

Question 16

What is the functional group of an amine?

Answer 16

-NH2 anywhere in the chain

Question 17

What is the functional group of a nitrile?

Answer 17

C&N triple bond at the end of the chain

Question 18

What is the prefix & suffix of an amine?

Answer 18

Prefix : amino-
OR
Suffix: -amine

Question 19

What is the suffix of a nitrile?

Answer 19

-nitrile

Question 20

Give a common use of amines

Answer 20

• Pharmaceuticals & dyes

- Found in many food products

Question 21

Give a common use of nitriles

Answer 21

• As a polymer in rubber & latex

- In plant & animal products and drug molecules

Question 22

What is the functional group of an ester?

Answer 22

-COO in the middle of the C chain

C=O double bond

Question 23

Give a feature & 2 uses of esters

Answer 23

• They are neutral compounds w/ a distinctive smell
• Often fruity & so found in flavourings/perfumes
• Used as a polymer in clothing

Question 24

How do you name esters?

Answer 24

1. First name the section with C-O like a side chain
2. Name the section with the C=O like the main chain (using -oate suffix)

e.g methylethanoate