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FOUN004 Biology > Organic Molecules (Biology 006) > Flashcards

Organic Molecules (Biology 006) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four most common elements in living organisms

A

Oxygen. carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen

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2
Q

What are the four building blocks

A

Simple carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids and nucleotides (base pairs)

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3
Q

What are the macromolecules

A

Complex carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

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4
Q

What is a monomer

A

Small units, mostly building blocks

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5
Q

What is a polymer

A

A long molecule that consists of many monomers

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6
Q

What bonds are holding these monomers together

A

Covalent bonds

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7
Q

What are the four types of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharide, disaccharide, Oligosaccharide and polysaccharide

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8
Q

What are the most common monosaccharides

A

glucose and fructose

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9
Q

What is a disaccharide

A

two monosaccharides bonded together

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10
Q

What three sugars are disaccharide

A

Sucrose, maltose and lactose

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11
Q

What is a polysaccharide

A

Made up of large groups of monosaccharide, also known as complex carbohydrates

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12
Q

What are the three polysaccharides

A

Starch, glycogen and cellulose

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13
Q

What are the three atoms are involved in lipids

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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14
Q

How many fatty acid chains are connected to glycerol

A

three

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15
Q

What are the four atoms that are involved in proteins

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

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16
Q

What is the atom that can be present in some protein

A

sulfur

17
Q

What is a protein composed of

A

A chain of amino acids

18
Q

How many kinds of amino acids

A

twenty

19
Q

What determines a kind of protein

A

The sequence of amino acids

20
Q

What is the chemical bonds that hold amino acids together

A

Peptide bonds

21
Q

What is a polypeptide

A

Amino acids chained together by multiple peptide bonds

22
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

23
Q

What are nucleic acids are made up of

A

nucleotides

24
Q

What is cellular variation

A

When different types of cell synthesize different proteins

25
Q

What are two reactions of polymers

A

Dehydration and hydrolysis

26
Q

What is hydrolysis

A

When a water molecule is added to the reaction breaking down a polymer into smaller monomers

27
Q

What is dehydration

A

When a water molecule is removed to the reaction causing a shorter polymer and a monomer combines into a longer polymer

FOUN004 Biology (16 decks)

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