Molecular Biology/Biotechnology Part 1 (Lecture 017) Flashcards
What are bacteria plasmids
A small circle of DNA that is not a part of the main DNA
What are restriction enzymes
Cut DNA at specific points (recognition sites) in a controlled manner
What is DNA ligase
Acts as a glue in which seals the human gene and plasmid
What is recombinant DNA
A combination of DNA between two different organisms
What is a transformed cell
A cell that contains recombinant DNA
What is a genome
A complete set of DNA (genetic makeup)
What is genetic engineering
Modifying genomes of an organism
What are the two types of restriction enzymes
Sticky end and blunt end
What is a “sticky end”
A set of nucleotides that are exposed on both ends of the DNA strand
What is a “blunt end”
Two pieces of DNA that do not have sticky ends
What is ligation
Ligase is used in this process which involves linear DNA fragments that join together via covalent bonds.
What happens in the production of human insulin
The plasmid is moved from the bacteria in which is cut via an restriction enzyme. A specific site of a desired gene is cut by a restriction enzyme as well in which joined together by DNA ligase to create recombinant DNA. The recombinant DNA is the rejoined into the bacteria creating a transformed cell. The transformed cell is the cloned creating recombinant insulin.
Why are restriction enzymes important
In order to obtain copies of the true gene to ensure cloning
