Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis (Biology 014)

Question 1

How many amino acids are there

Answer 1

20

Question 2

What is the starting codon and protein

Answer 2

AUG, Met

Question 3

What are the three stop codons

Answer 3

UAA, UAG and UGA

Question 4

What are the two processes of protein synthesis

Answer 4

Transcription and translation

Question 5

What are three differences between mRNA and DNA

Answer 5

DNA has uracil whereas mRNA has thymine, DNA is double stranded mRNA is single stranded and three bases in DNA is called a triplet and three bases in mRNA is called a codon

Question 6

What occurs in transcription

Answer 6

RNA polymerase seperates the DNA strand into two strands as it produces mRNA nucleotides to bond with it’s complementary counterpart on the template strand. The mRNA then moves through the nuclear pores of the nucleus to the ribosome for translation

Question 7

What occurs in translation

Answer 7

In the ribosome, the mRNA is translated by binding to tRNA. tRNA consist of an amino acid which is dependent on the mRNA codon. As more tRNA move into the ribosome to bond with the mRNA, the amino acids are bonded together via peptide bonds in which creates a long polypeptide chain. When the chain is terminated, the long polypeptide chain leaves the ribosome and is folded into a particular shape thus creating a protein

Question 8

What is the DNA strand that is not used for transcription called

Answer 8

Non-template strand

Question 9

Why is protein synthesis important

Answer 9

Proteins are involved in many functions within the body

Question 10

Why is it important for the amino acids to be in the correct order (*)

Answer 10

It would result in the newly formed protein having the wrong structure and might become non-functional