Meiosis (Biology 015)

Question 1

What is a gene

Answer 1

A section of DNA that codes for a particular protein/characteristic

Question 2

What is another word for body cells

Answer 2

Somatic cells

Question 3

What are the gametes of male and females

Answer 3

Sperm and ova

Question 4

What is a karyotype

Answer 4

A picture of all of the chromosomes in homologous pairs in a diploid cell

Question 5

What is a diploid cell

Answer 5

Having two sets of chromosomes, 46 chromosomes in two sets

Question 6

What is haploid

Answer 6

Having one set of chromosomes, 23 chromosomes in one set

Question 7

What are the sex chromosomes for male and female

Answer 7

2 X sex chromosomes in male, 1 X and 1 Y sex chromosome in female

Question 8

What are sister chromatids

Answer 8

Genetically identical copies of a chromosome

Question 9

What are autosomes

Answer 9

Chromosomes that don’t determine the sex of the offspring

Question 10

What are paternal and maternal chromosomes

Answer 10

Paternal chromosomes are from the father, maternal chromosomes are from the mother in which are inherited by the offspring

Question 11

What are paternal and maternal chromosomes

Answer 11

Paternal chromosomes are from the father, maternal chromosomes are from the mother in which are inherited by the offspring

Question 12

How many daughter cells are formed during meiosis

Answer 12

4

Question 13

How many daughter cells are formed during mitosis

Answer 13

2

Question 14

What is the chiasma

Answer 14

Physical link between two non-sister chromatids in meiosis

Question 15

What is crossing over

Answer 15

When parts of homologous chromosomes break and cross over creating new combinations in genes

Question 16

What is random assortment

Answer 16

Homologous pairs of chromosomes are separated at random

Question 17

What happens in interphase 1 of meiosis 1

Answer 17

DNA replication occurs in which the centromere connects two identical sister chromatids together. Centrosomes replicate and move to each end of the nucleus

Question 18

What happens in prophase 1 in meiosis 1

Answer 18

Nucleolus and nucleus membrane disappears in which synapsis occurs.

Question 19

What happens in metaphase 1 in meiosis 1

Answer 19

Tetrads line up across the equator in which are attached to spindle fibres from one of the poles to one chromatid of each pair

Question 20

What happens in anaphase 1 in meiosis 1

Answer 20

Centromeres separate the two chromatids and move towards as a single unit to the pole.

Question 21

What happens in telophase 1 in meiosis 1

Answer 21

Cytokinesis occurs in which creates a cleavage in the cell, dividing the cell into two separate haploid cells. Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.

Question 22

What is the process that doesn’t happen in meiosis 2

Answer 22

DNA replication

Question 23

What is the difference between anaphase 1 and anaphase 2

Answer 23

anaphase 1 separates homologous pairs into chromosomes and anaphase 2 separates chromosomes into sister chromatids.

Question 24

What is the process of meiosis in males

Answer 24

Spermatogenesis

Question 25

What is the process of meiosis in females

Answer 25

Oogenesis

Question 26

What are the differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis (*)

Answer 26

Spermatogenesis is a continuous process whereas oogenesis is a interrupted process, Spermatogenesis can produce millions of sperm whereas the cell division of oogenesis is uneven and spermatogenesis consist of many small cells whereas oogenesis only produces one functioning egg.

Question 27

What is synapsis

Answer 27

Synapsis is when homologous pairs of sister chromatids are attached by chiasma and line up side by side in which become a tetrad. During synapsis, crossing over happens between the two homologous pairs within the tetrad.