Organic Molecules

Question 1

Inorganic

Answer 1

Water, salts, acids/bases, ions

Question 2

Monomers

Answer 2

The most basic unit of an organic molecule

Question 3

Polymers

Answer 3

A more complex form of an organic molecule.

Question 4

Dehydration Synthesis/ Condensation Reaction

Answer 4

How we put monomers together to make polymers.

-taking water out of the molecule.

Question 5

Hydrolysis

Answer 5

Breaking apart polymers to make monomers.

- adding water back into the molecule

Question 6

Carbohydrates (CHO)

Answer 6

Sugars

-functions: energy and structure

Question 7

Monosaccharides

Answer 7

Simplest form of a carbohydrate

• simple sugars
• • mostly form ring structures
• -glucose is the most common- fructose and galactose are more.

Question 8

Disaccharide

Answer 8

Two or more monosaccharides stuck together

Question 9

Polysaccharide

Answer 9

Many monosaccharides stuck together

-complex carbohydrate

Question 10

Organic

Answer 10

Based on carbon/carbon skeleton

- carbon is the smallest atom that can form the most covalent bonds.

Question 11

What is the Polysaccharide in plants?

Answer 11

Starch

Question 12

what Polysaccharide is the storage form in animal?

Answer 12

Glycogen

Question 13

Cellulose

Answer 13

Is a polysaccharide that we cannot break down.

• plants use it for structure
• we call it Fiber

Question 14

Lipids

Answer 14

Are fats

• Nonpolar and Hydrophobic
• Functions: Energy Storage, insulation, hormones, membrane structure.

Question 15

Fatty Acids

Answer 15

Long straight chains of carbons

-There are unsaturated and saturated fatty acids

Question 16

Saturated Fatty Acids

Answer 16

Saturated with hydrogen.

• Hard for chemical reactions to happen
• Hard to break down

Question 17

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Answer 17

Creates double carbon bonds

-not filled with hydrogen so it can be bonded with and broken down more easily.

Question 18

Triglycerides

Answer 18

3 fatty acids that are attached to a glycerol backbone

-Storage form of fatty acids

Question 19

Phospholipids

Answer 19

2 Fatty Acid tails attached to a phosphate head.

• Fatty Acid tail is nonpolar and hydrophobic
• Phosphate head id polar and hydrophobic
• Bases for cell membranes

Question 20

Proteins

Answer 20

Most complex-most functions

• Functions: structure, enzymes, hormones, transport
• Make up all the structures of any living things body

Question 21

Amino Acids

Answer 21

Building Blocks of proteins

-all structures are made of the same 20 amino acids just put together differently

Question 22

R-group

Answer 22

is the functional group on an Amino Acid.

-this is what is differs between Amino Acids.

Question 23

Peptide Bond

Answer 23

The covalent bond holding Amino Acids together.

Question 24

Peptide/Polypeptide

Answer 24

Smallest strings of Amino Acids

-Not big enough to structure into proteins yet.

Question 25

What makes Proteins different?

Answer 25

- What Amino Acid it has - How it is put together - The structure

Question 26

How many levels of structure/organization does protein have?

Answer 26

1. Primary Structure 2. Secondary Structure 3. Tertiary Structure 4. Quarternary Structure

Question 27

Primary Structure of Protiens

Answer 27

Peptide bond formation - Condensation - A sequence of Amino Acids

Question 28

Secondary Structure of Proteins

Answer 28

Hydrogen bonds form on the Amino Acid chains | -Coiling Helix or Sheet like pattern emerges through bonding

Question 29

Tertiary Structure of Proteins

Answer 29

Interactions between R-groups | -Additional folding of secondary structure

Question 30

Quarternary Structure of Proteins

Answer 30

Putting multiple polypeptides together to form the protein. | -usually covalent bonding, but also hydrogen bonding occuring

Question 31

RNA-Ribonucleic Acid

Answer 31

The code for proteins | -tell what amino acids should go together to make you who you are

Question 32

Nucleotiedes

Answer 32

Monomers 4 of them: Guamine, Cytosine, Thymine, Adenine, and Urucil- is for RNA -everything is based off them and how they are put together.

Question 33

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 33

Energy Currency | -every cell is designed to use this as energy

Question 34

Glycoproteins

Answer 34

Combination of protein and carbohydrate

Question 35

Glycosominoglycans

Answer 35

Bigger combo. of proteins and carbohydrates

Question 36

Proteoglycans

Answer 36

Even bigger combo. of proteins and carbohydrates

Question 37

Lipoproteins

Answer 37

Combo of lipid and protein | -proteins carry lipids around in the blood because they are hydrophobic