Cells

Question 1

Basic Functions of Cells

Answer 1

• Exchange- with its environment
• Metabolism- chemical reactions
• Sensitive- to there environment
• Reproduction

Question 2

Autotrophs

Answer 2

• producers- self-feeders

- extract energy from non-living enviroment

Question 3

Heterotrophs

Answer 3

• Consumers
• rely on other living organisms for energy
• decomposers- fungi

Question 4

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 4

Mostly Bacteria

• Unicellular, no nucleus, no organelles
• Cell Wall, Cell capsule, Pilli/fimbriae

Question 5

Peptidoglycan

Answer 5

The cell wall outside the cell membrane of a prokaryot

Question 6

Cell Capsule

Answer 6

Slime Layer of a prokaryot

-a layer outside the cell wall

Question 7

Pilli/fimbriae

Answer 7

Hair like extensions outside the cell.

-help them move in water type enviroments

Question 8

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 8

Larger with more complex internal structure

• nucleus, many organelles
• some have a cell wall made of cellulose or chitin
• -all plants have them

Question 9

Archean Cell

Answer 9

Smaller with a simple internal structure

• no nucleus, no organelles
• often found in extreme environments
• have both prokaryot and eukaryot characteristics

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

Contains genetic material- DNA

Question 11

Organelles

Answer 11

• Organs of the cell
• Membrane bound structure
• Perform various functions for the cell
• Compartmentalize the cell

Question 12

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 12

Double walled membrane surrounding the nucleus

Question 13

Nucleous

Answer 13

the dark part of the nucleus filled with ribosomes

Question 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 14

Membranous systems of channels located against the nucleus.

• Rough ER and Smooth ER
• buds off products into vesicles- membrane bound pocket

Question 15

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 15

The ER covered in ribosomes

-where the protein synthesis takes place

Question 16

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 16

Synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates

-part where there are no ribosomes

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

Synthesize proteins

-reads RNA to put the protein together

Question 18

Golgi Complex

Answer 18

• Receives raw proteins from E.R.
• performs final processing
• sorts protein
• packages protein-so they don’t immediately start working and get where they need to go.

Question 19

What is the order of protein synthesis in a cell?

Answer 19

• Nucleus
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Golgi Complex
• Where they are needed

Question 20

Lysosomes

Answer 20

Contain hydroxide enzymes(water based)

• break down normal cellular debris
• membrane bound vesicles
• breaks down products into individual parts

Question 21

Peroxisomes

Answer 21

Contain Oxide enzymes(oxygen based)

• More powerful than lysosomes
• breaks down toxic substances
• membrane bound vesicles

Question 22

Mitochondria

Answer 22

powerhouse of the cell

• double membrane
• generate ATP from break down of carbs. and lipids
• the number of them in a cell depends on how much power it needs

Question 23

Cytosol

Answer 23

Fluid the organelles are floating around in

• Storage
• Chemical reactions happen there
• Protein synthesis- ribosomes not attached to the E.R.

Question 24

Cytoplasm

Answer 24

Everything outside the nucleus

Question 25

Cytoskeleton

Answer 25

- Protien fibers - Cell Shape - Cell Movement - Organelle Movement - Cell Division

Question 26

What are the kinds of Protein Fibers?

Answer 26

- Microfilament- small - Intermediate filament- medium - Microtubules- large

Question 27

Flagella & Cilia

Answer 27

- extensions of the membrane - filled with microtubules - provide movement - -Some cells need them.

Question 28

Cilia

Answer 28

Move fluid past the cell - smaller than flagella - usually many are on one cell

Question 29

Flagellum

Answer 29

Move the cell | -usually just one on a cell

Question 30

Cell Wall of Plant Cells

Answer 30

Made of Cellulose - Protects, maintains shape, and prevents water loss - provides rigidity/ support against gravity

Question 31

Plasmodesmata

Answer 31

Pores that extend through the cell walls. | -so the cell can communicate and interact with other plant cells.

Question 32

Chloroplast

Answer 32

Site of photosynthesis - double membrane - contains Chlorophyll - uses sunlight to generate ATP - Uses ATP to create glucose from H20 and CO2 - Have their own DNA

Question 33

Vacuoles

Answer 33

Storage site - -Water, glucose, amino acids, poisons, pigments - Can give shape and support to plant cells - found in some plant cells and fresh water organisms