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Bio 1610 Pittilleri > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Basic Functions of Cells

A
  • Exchange- with its environment
  • Metabolism- chemical reactions
  • Sensitive- to there environment
  • Reproduction
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2
Q

Autotrophs

A
  • producers- self-feeders

- extract energy from non-living enviroment

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3
Q

Heterotrophs

A
  • Consumers
  • rely on other living organisms for energy
  • decomposers- fungi
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4
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

Mostly Bacteria

  • Unicellular, no nucleus, no organelles
  • Cell Wall, Cell capsule, Pilli/fimbriae
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5
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

The cell wall outside the cell membrane of a prokaryot

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6
Q

Cell Capsule

A

Slime Layer of a prokaryot

-a layer outside the cell wall

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7
Q

Pilli/fimbriae

A

Hair like extensions outside the cell.

-help them move in water type enviroments

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8
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A

Larger with more complex internal structure

  • nucleus, many organelles
  • some have a cell wall made of cellulose or chitin
  • -all plants have them
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9
Q

Archean Cell

A

Smaller with a simple internal structure

  • no nucleus, no organelles
  • often found in extreme environments
  • have both prokaryot and eukaryot characteristics
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10
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains genetic material- DNA

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11
Q

Organelles

A
  • Organs of the cell
  • Membrane bound structure
  • Perform various functions for the cell
  • Compartmentalize the cell
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12
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

Double walled membrane surrounding the nucleus

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13
Q

Nucleous

A

the dark part of the nucleus filled with ribosomes

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14
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A

Membranous systems of channels located against the nucleus.

  • Rough ER and Smooth ER
  • buds off products into vesicles- membrane bound pocket
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15
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

The ER covered in ribosomes

-where the protein synthesis takes place

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16
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates

-part where there are no ribosomes

17
Q

Ribosomes

A

Synthesize proteins

-reads RNA to put the protein together

18
Q

Golgi Complex

A
  • Receives raw proteins from E.R.
  • performs final processing
  • sorts protein
  • packages protein-so they don’t immediately start working and get where they need to go.
19
Q

What is the order of protein synthesis in a cell?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Golgi Complex
  • Where they are needed
20
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contain hydroxide enzymes(water based)

  • break down normal cellular debris
  • membrane bound vesicles
  • breaks down products into individual parts
21
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Contain Oxide enzymes(oxygen based)

  • More powerful than lysosomes
  • breaks down toxic substances
  • membrane bound vesicles
22
Q

Mitochondria

A

powerhouse of the cell

  • double membrane
  • generate ATP from break down of carbs. and lipids
  • the number of them in a cell depends on how much power it needs
23
Q

Cytosol

A

Fluid the organelles are floating around in

  • Storage
  • Chemical reactions happen there
  • Protein synthesis- ribosomes not attached to the E.R.
24
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Everything outside the nucleus

25
Q

Cytoskeleton

A
  • Protien fibers
  • Cell Shape
  • Cell Movement
  • Organelle Movement
  • Cell Division
26
Q

What are the kinds of Protein Fibers?

A
  • Microfilament- small
  • Intermediate filament- medium
  • Microtubules- large
27
Q

Flagella & Cilia

A
  • extensions of the membrane
  • filled with microtubules
  • provide movement
  • -Some cells need them.
28
Q

Cilia

A

Move fluid past the cell

  • smaller than flagella
  • usually many are on one cell
29
Q

Flagellum

A

Move the cell

-usually just one on a cell

30
Q

Cell Wall of Plant Cells

A

Made of Cellulose

  • Protects, maintains shape, and prevents water loss
  • provides rigidity/ support against gravity
31
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Pores that extend through the cell walls.

-so the cell can communicate and interact with other plant cells.

32
Q

Chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis

  • double membrane
  • contains Chlorophyll
  • uses sunlight to generate ATP
  • Uses ATP to create glucose from H20 and CO2
  • Have their own DNA
33
Q

Vacuoles

A

Storage site

  • -Water, glucose, amino acids, poisons, pigments
  • Can give shape and support to plant cells
  • found in some plant cells and fresh water organisms

Bio 1610 Pittilleri (22 decks)

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