Glycolysis Flashcards
Glycolysis
Breaking down glucose to make ATP
- used in every cell
- -found in bacterial cells, used in plant cells, done in our own cells
- takes place in the cytosol (not in organelles)
- involves 9 chemical reactions
- it is anaerobic
- nets 2 ATP atoms from 1 glucose
- nets 2 NADH atoms from 1 glucose
Kinase
The enzyme that carries out Phosphorylation
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
A regulatory enzyme (allosteric enzyme) - Used in the 3rd step of glycolysis 2 Co-factors -ATP-slows down the reaction -AMP-speeds up the reaction
What is the end product of Glycolysis?
2 Pyruvate (3 Carbon compounds)
Net 2 ATP
Net 2 NADH
Reduction
Adding Electrons
Oxidation
Releases Electrons
Redox Reaction
When Reduction and Oxidation take place
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Is the enzyme that carries out fermentation of Pyruvate to Lactate.
What does Lactate do in Glycolysis
It lowers the pH.
-As pH drops the enzymes won’t work like they should. It will stop the enzymes from working, shutting down glycolysis.
Obligate Anaerobs
Oxygen is toxic to these cells (builds up free radicals)
-bacteria and fungi
Faculative Anaerobs
Cells that can live with or without oxygen
Anaerobic
Cells that don’t require oxygen
Fermentation
converts sugars to acids
- pyruvate to lactate in animals
- pyruvate to ethanol in plants